如果系统出现故障，重新启动时要做的第一件事就是重新应用所有已提交事务的作用，所有这些已提交的事务都位于日志中，但是它们的数据块尚未更新。
If the system fails, the first thing it does upon restart is to reapply the effects of any committed transactions that are present in the log but whose data blocks have not yet been updated.
系统并不关心数据块如何实例化。
现在所有的系统有在使用缓存，即在内存中开辟一块区域来存放数据。
No modern web system runs without a cache, which is an in-memory store that holds a subset of information typically stored in the database.
在大部分系统中，malloc和free都不是可重入的，因为它们使用静态数据结构来记录哪些内存块是空闲的。
On most systems, malloc and free are not reentrant, because they use a static data structure that records which memory blocks are free.
从InformixSYSCHUNKS系统表中读数据，并根据以下标准包括镜像块。
Read data from the Informix SYSCHUNKS system table and include mirror chunks according to this criteria.
超块（superblock）是关于文件系统的高级元数据的容器。
The superblock is the container for high-level metadata about a file system.
在这场景中，内容存储库包括两个部分：一个文件系统，单独的文章就是作为片段在此部署的，以及一个数据库，在此部署每一个内容块的元数据。
In this scenario the content repository consists of two parts: a file system, where individual articles are deployed as fragments, and a database, where metadata for each piece of content is deployed.
在从系统处理器/内存/操作系统/应用程序到HBA 的路径上，只传输读取数据块。
The path from the system processor/memory/OS/App to the HBA contains only the read data block.
对快照的读取将需要执行查找，以确定是从快照还是从原始文件系统读取所需的数据块。
A read of the snapshot will require a lookup to determine whether the block needed should be read from the snapshot or from the original file system.
内存中数据库系统一个最值得注意的不同之处在于没有大数据块结构。
One of the most noticeable differences of an in-memory database system is the absence of large data block structures.
然而，尽管XFS为新数据保留了空间，但它却没有决定将什么文件系统块用于存储数据，至少现在还没决定。
However, while XFS reserves space for the new data, it doesn't decide what filesystem blocks will be used to store the data, at least not yet.
相反，当XFS日志系统重新启动时，XFS确保任何未写入的数据块在重新引导时置零。
In contrast, XFS ensures that any unwritten data blocks are zeroed on reboot, when XFS journal is replayed.
没有对原始数据的映射，现在只有新的数据块在消耗文件系统中的磁盘空间。
Instead of a map to the original data, there are now new blocks with data, consuming disk space in the file system.
不仅不可能同时将多个数据块写入磁盘，而且每当进行修改时马上将每个数据块写入磁盘，也对系统性能有不利影响。
Not only is it impossible to write multiple data blocks to disk simultaneously, but writing every data block to disk when any part of it changes would be bad for system performance.
文件系统驱动程序更新适当的元数据，但是没有时间将其缓存中的数据刷新到磁盘的新块中。
The filesystem driver updated the appropriate metadata, but didn't have time to flush the data from its caches to the new blocks on disk.
因为从未给这些文件分配任何块，所以，也就不必释放任何块，甚至根本没有触及底层文件系统元数据。
Since no blocks are ever allocated, there's no need to deallocate any blocks, and the underlying filesystem metadata doesn't even get touched.
而在基于块的传统存储系统，元数据要占用一些块，以提供语义黏合剂。
Compare this to traditional storage systems based on blocks, with metadata occupying some blocks to provide the semantic glue.
如果修改了源文件系统，那么数据块的原始内容将复制到快照文件系统的磁盘空间区域。
If the source is modified, the original contents of the blocks are copied to the disk space area of the snapshot file system.
当事务应用于适当的文件系统时，数据块首先被写到磁盘。
When a transaction is applied to the filesystem proper, the data blocks are written to disk first.
我们只好学会利用手工办法恢复信息块中的数据，从而使分布式通用地面系统不会崩溃。
We learned to manually do [data retrieval] in chunks of information so DCGS would not crash.
（因为系统自带的传感器能自动辨别身体部位）微软自己有一个迷你动作捕捉摄影棚，如果需要一个新的数据块时，工作人员可以在那边进行快速录制。
And Microsoft has a mini mo-cap studio of its own, where staff can make a quick recording when a new chunk of data is needed.
configservers—每个配置服务器包含了集群的元数据、系统中存在的Shard以及每个Shard中存放了什么样的数据块。
Config servers - each configuration server contain the cluster's metadata, what shards exist in the system, and what chunks of data is on each shard.
在Dennis的系统中，计算机存储空间被划为多个大小一致的数据块，每个数据块不仅存储数据还指向多达16个其它的数据块。
In Dennis' system, a computer's memory is divided into chunks of uniform size, each of which can store data but can also point to as many as 16 other chunks.
象reiserfs一样，XFS使用逻辑日志；即，它不象ext3那样将文字文件系统块记录到日志，而是使用一种高效的磁盘格式来记录元数据的变动。
Like ReiserFS, XFS USES a logical journal; that is, it does not journal literal filesystem blocks like ext3, and instead USES an efficient on-disk format to log metadata changes.
例如，如果存储Web内容的文件系统已满，则 LVM允许您向文件系统添加另一块磁盘来增大存储空间，而并不影响现有数据。
For instance, if the file system in which you are storing your Web content fills up, LVM allows you to add another disk to the file system to increase storage without impacting your existing data.
现在正是使用操作系统命令复制所有RSS 数据块（比如cp、tar、gzip等）的好时候。
This is the time to make a copy of all RSS chunks using OS commands such as cp, tar, gzip, etc.
Google文件系统至少在三台名为“块服务器”(chunkservers)上存储大体积数据(一般为64mb)；如果一台块服务器发生故障，那么主服务器会负责将数据恢复到新的区域。
GFS stores each chunk of data, typically 64mb in size, on at least three machines called chunkservers; master servers are responsible for backing up data to a new area if a chunkserver failure occurs.
由于操作系统在磁带上不提供文件系统服务，应用程序必须决定如何使用数据块的数组。
Since the OS does not provide file system services, the application must decide how to use the array of blocks.
相比一张表，只能存放在一块硬盘或者文件系统分区内。分区方式让存储更多数据成为了可能。
Partitioning makes it possible to store more data in one table than can be held on a single disk or file system partition.
分析不同操作系统的线程环境块(TEB - - -也叫做线程信息块TIB)，我们可以看到这个结构的附加数据。
When analysing the structure of the Thread Environment Block (TEB - also known as Thread Information Block TIB) on different operating systems, we find additional data followed by this structure.
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