首先，空中交通管制几乎覆盖了整个美国。
需要持有明确的空中交通管制许可才能进入B类空域，如接近一个大都会机场。
To enter Class B airspace, such as an approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required.
显然，该地区有一些低空云层，但主要是飞行员和空中交通管制员之间的沟通失误。
Apparently, there were some low clouds in the area, but mostly it was just miscommunication between the pilots and the air traffic controllers.
例如，VFR飞行员进入C类空域所要做的就是与空中交通管制建立双向无线电联系。
For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC.
该协会还表示，必须提高机组人员和空中交通管制员的培训标准，因为空中交通越来越拥挤。
The association also said that standards of training must be raised among flight crews and air traffic controllers as the sky has become ever more crowded.
尽管飞行员必须继续遵守有关视觉飞行规则的所有规定，但无需获得空中交通管制的明确进入许可。
No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight.
然而，这种纯粹的视觉系统在恶劣天气下毫无用处，到了20世纪30年代，无线电通信开始用于空中交通管制。
However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC.
许多人认为，空中交通管制系统是由一排坐在美国机场雷达屏幕前的管制员组成的，他们告诉到达和离开的航班该做什么。
Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do.
在20世纪40年代，空中交通管制中心能够而且确实利用了第二次世界大战中新研制的雷达和改进的无线电通讯，但是这个系统还处于初级阶段。
In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary.
这份新合同使空中交通管制设备的运行维护更趋合理、单一、灵活。
This new contract rationalises operational maintenance services for the Air Traffic Control equipment into a single and flexible performance based arrangement.
安全的空中交通管制，对于确保航空安全有其独特的地位和作用。
The safety of air traffic control has its unique position and role to ensure aviation safety.
事故发生前十分钟空中交通管制失去了和飞机驾驶员的无线电联系。
Air traffic control lost radio contact with the pilot of the aircraft ten minutes before the accident.
美国仅有一个空中交通管制服务提供商，然而，欧洲有令人难以想象的34个。
Where America has a single provider of air-traffic control services, Europe has a mind-boggling 34.
它的位置几乎恰好处于南美洲和非洲的中间，起着空中交通管制的中转站的作用。
Almost halfway between South America and Africa, it serves as a switching station for air traffic control.
原定关闭的一些空中交通管制塔目前继续运营，至少可以运营至九月底。
Some air traffic control towers that had been said to close are now still open at least through the end of September.
如若发电站、精炼厂、银行和空中交通管制系统被迫瘫痪，人们便性命难保。
If power stations, refineries, Banks and air-traffic-control systems were brought down, people would lose their lives.
民用计算机基础设施包括计算机网络，比如可能控制着空中交通管制系统或者供水系统。
The civilian computer infrastructure would include the networks that control an air traffic control system or a water supply, for example.
俄罗斯媒体报导，飞行员忽视从空中交通管制来的意见，去转移到另一个机场。
Russian media reports said the pilots ignored advice from air traffic control to divert to another airport.
在驾驶舱内，飞行员在和巴西方面的空中交通管制部门交谈，报告航班高度和无线电频率。
In the cockpit, the pilots chattered with Brazilian air traffic control, calling out altitude and radio frequencies.
我们将继续制造新型、复杂的飞机和空中交通管制系统，以保证它们能够符合更高的安全水平。
We will continue to validate new, complex aircraft and air traffic control systems to ensure that they meet extremely high safety levels.
空中交通管制放行你到北京，高度10000米。起飞后直接爬高到10000米。
ATC clears you to Beijing at 10000m. After take-off straight climbing to 10000m.
主要推断是飞行员驾驶失误或由于空中交通管制，导航设备出现技术故障或者是两者共同所致。
The main theories are errors by the pilot or by the air-traffic controllers, a technical problem with the navigation equipment or some combination of these.
iFACTS将向空中交通管制部门提供一系列的先进工具，从而提高民用航空业需求的能力。
IFACTS will provide air traffic controllers with a set of advanced tools to increase capacity to meet the demand from the civil aviation industry.
例如，构建空中交通管制系统的软件需要某些工作产品以确保多重可靠性检查，满足可调整性等等。
Those who build software for air traffic control systems, for example, need certain work products to ensure multiple reliability checks, regulatory compliance, and so forth.
例如，工作记忆可以支持管制员的思维并更新当前和计划的对空中交通管制形势的估计。
For example, working memory supports the controller's building and updating of the current and projected assessments of the ATC situation.
空中交通管制，一个由地面设备和机载设备组成的系统。用来对飞机进行识别，跟踪和定位。
Air TRAFFIC CONTROL, a system comprised of ground and airborne components used to identify, track and locate aircraft.
德国空中交通管制部门之前曾预警火山灰云将可能在周一返回德国，到时将关闭德国的机场。
Air traffic controllers previously warned of the ash cloud's possible return for Monday, which could have led to the closure of German airports.
Czeisler说潜在的危险不仅仅是对空中交通管制人员，卡车汽车司机，飞行员和海运行业也一样。
Czeisler said the potential danger isn't limited to air traffic controllers, but can apply to truck and bus drivers, airline pilots and those in the maritime industry.
Czeisler说潜在的危险不仅仅是对空中交通管制人员，卡车汽车司机，飞行员和海运行业也一样。
Czeisler said the potential danger isn't limited to air traffic controllers, but can apply to truck and bus drivers, airline pilots and those in the maritime industry.
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