根据康奈尔大学食品与品牌实验室的一项新研究，小小的非食品奖励——比如麦当劳开心乐园餐中的玩具——同样能刺激人的大脑反应中枢，就像食物那样。
According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.
研究人员随后测试了猴子如何组合或添加这些符号来获得奖励。
The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added the symbols to get the reward.
正如《自然》杂志上的一篇专题文章所讨论的，近年来，一系列奖励丰厚的研究人员奖项已经加入了诺贝尔奖的行列。
As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.
研究表明，当我们受到损失的威胁时，我们总是比得到奖励时更愿意冒险。
Studies show that we invariably take more gambles when threatened with a loss than when offered a reward.
研究表明当我们给自己设定自己能达到的小目标，并且在达到目标之后给自己一些小奖励时。我们更容易成功。
Research has shown that by setting small goals we can attain, and giving ourselves small rewards when we attain them, we're more likely to be successful.
一些激进的学生对奖励教学研究的做法还有晋升某些大学的做法持反对态度。
Some striking students object to the idea of rewarding research over teaching and of exalting some universities over others.
这不仅是因为孩子们作画是因为有奖励，后来的研究也显示了在所有不同的人群中类似的作用，他们中的大多数是成年人。
It's not only children who display this kind of reaction to rewards, though, subsequent studies have shown a similar effect in all sorts of different populations, many of them grown-ups.
它成立于1922年，提供认证项目、研究服务、会议、行业奖励和培训项目等服务。
It was founded in 1922 and offers certification programs, research services, conferences, industry awards and training programs.
相似的，对“新的和与众不同的”奖励，反而意味着这些研究验证了已有的知识从本质上来说更可信一些。
Similarly, the rewards from being "new and different" mean that those studies that confirm existing knowledge are inherently more likely to be trustworthy.
有了好吃的奖励，马对实验者“表现出更积极主动”的行为，又嗅又舔，”研究人员写道。
With tasty rewards, the horses "displayed more 'positive' behaviors toward the experimenter, such as sniffing and licking, " the researchers wrote.
研究表明，孩子的创造力和他们的内在动力有关：过多地表扬和奖励他们，效果会适得其反。
Research links kids' creativity with their intrinsic motivation; praise or reward them too much and you zap both.
实验鼠学习一项任务，通过压动杠杆来获取奖励，与此同时，小组研究了在这些子区域间发出的信号。
The team studied the signals sent between these subregions as rats learned a task that involved pressing a lever in order to get a reward.
作为一个额外的奖励，很多研究显示，在晨间锻炼的人是最能坚持他们锻炼计划的人。
As an added bonus, many studies have shown that people who exercise in the morning are the most consistent at staying with their exercise plan.
关于人们被公平和不公平对待的研究显示前者会刺激人类大脑中的奖励中枢，而后者会刺激与厌恶感有关的区域。
Studies in which people are offered deals that they regard as fair and unfair show that the former stimulate the reward centres in the brain; the latter stimulate areas associated with disgust.
本研究的一个重要细节是，口头奖励和有形奖励的效力是几乎相同的。
An important detail of the current study is that verbal praise was almost as effective as tangible reward.
为确保奖励足够丰厚，研究者们将实验地选在了印度农村，在这里仅仅心理学家的补助就相当于一个国王的身价。
To make the big bonuses sufficiently \ \ \ 'big \ \ \' they started out with an experiment in a place where even a psychologist \ \ \ 's grant money is a King \ \ \' s ransom: rural India.
根据DARPA公布的消息，该局的通过设立“青年才能奖励”计划，为处于职业生涯早期研究人员提供资金，鼓励他们的新思想，以满足国防部的需求。
The agency’s Young Faculty Award program provides funding to researchers early in their careers to develop new ideas in the context of DOD needs, according to DARPA.
本届诺贝尔生理学及医学奖对此予以奖励，等于宣布人类发现了细胞生长的基本机理，这一科学发现，将加快人类研究全新的疾病治疗方案的步伐。
The award of the Nobel Prize recognizes the discovery of a fundamental mechanism in the cell, a discovery that has stimulated the development of new therapeutic strategies.
这个发现已被神经科学研究所证实，神经科学的研究结果告诉我们：当我们给予他人时，大脑里与乐趣和奖励有关的区域会被辉映出来。
This finding is corroborated by neuroscience research showing that when we give to others, our brains light up in areas associated with pleasure and reward.
“高层领导不采取任何措施，反而奖励提拔他们，这又是一个问题。” 该研究在管理学会一年一度的研讨会上公布。
The leaders above them who did nothing, who rewarded and promoted bad leaders ... represent an additional problem.
“这将刺激我们去追逐那些具有潜在回报的事情，比如食物（或者其它原始奖励）或金钱，”Kuhnen说，她从事大脑如何处理风险方面的研究。
"This results in us being motivated to go grab that potentially rewarding thing, be it food (or any other primitive reward) or money, " said Kuhnen, who studies how risk plays out in the brain.
这个研究对采用金钱刺激来奖励工作表现的一贯做法提出了一连串的疑问。
This study raises a number of questions about the way monetary incentives are often used to reward performance.
回顾128项奖励的作用的研究Decietal. (1999 .p . 658)，得出一下结论。
Reviewing 128 studies on the effects of rewards Deci et al. (1999, p. 658) concluded that.
据英国《每日电讯报》11月8日报道，一项最新研究表明，获得奖励会增加人们的快乐感。
According to the Daily Telegraph of November 8, the feeling that you have earned a reward actually increases the pleasure you take from it, a new study suggests.
为了理解内在动机，Csikszentmihalyi研究了自我奖励（self-rewarding），或称自成目的（autotelic），活动（activities）。
In order to understand intrinsic motivation, Csikszentmihalyi studied self-rewarding, orautotelic, activities.
负责这项研究的康奈尔大学教授贝丝·莱文斯顿与圣母大学蒂莫西·贾齐和西安大略大学查理斯·赫斯特一起开展分析她表示，“管理者”会奖励那些卑鄙的行为，只为息事宁人。
Professor Beth Livingston, of Cornell University, New York, who led the study, said managers were rewarding nasty behaviour.
多项学术研究表明，在奖励给员工的股票期权的发行日期和奖励发放公司的股价低落期之间存在着可疑的密切联系。
Various academic studies had found a suspiciously strong correlation between the issue dates of share options awarded to employees and low points in the awarding company's share price.
多项学术研究表明，在奖励给员工的股票期权的发行日期和奖励发放公司的股价低落期之间存在着可疑的密切联系。
Various academic studies had found a suspiciously strong correlation between the issue dates of share options awarded to employees and low points in the awarding company's share price.
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