前言：目的探讨经皮肾穿取石术中通过简单精确的定位建立手术通道的方法。
Objective: to study a way with simple and accurate localization in establishing a channel of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）并发症的发生情况及处理措施。
Objective To evaluate the occurrence and management of complications following minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (MPCNL).
目的探讨输尿管镜取石术（URL）及微创经皮肾取石术（MPCNL）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。
To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in the treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi.
目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）后常规放置肾造瘘管的必要性。
Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for renal calculi.
目的探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石(MPCNL)术中肾盂内压变化对术后并发症的影响。
Objective By monitoring the renal pelvic pressure during MPCNL via different size percutaneous tracts, inspected its influence to postoperative complications.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
目的探讨经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术的有效配合及护理要点。
Objective To study the nursing points of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺碎石取石术的手术护理，以提高手术护理质量。
Objective: to investigate the operative nurse of minimally invasive percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (MPCNL), and to improve the quality of the nursing.
目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺碎石取石术的手术护理，以提高手术护理质量。
Objective: to investigate the operative nurse of minimally invasive percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (MPCNL), and to improve the quality of the nursing.
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