当毛毛虫死亡时，病毒粒子被释放到外面，被包裹在由毛毛虫的组织合成的新的蛋白质小球中，并准备被其他毛毛虫吸收。
When the caterpillar dies, the virions are released to the outside, encased in a new protein globule synthesized from the caterpillar's tissues and ready to be picked up by other caterpillars.
即使在感染你的时候，感冒病毒也会发生变异，而且新的病毒毒株经常出现，以至于当制药商研制出针对其中一种变异的疫苗时，血清已经过时了。
Colds mutate even while they're infecting you, and new strains pop up so often that by the time drug-makers create a vaccine against one variation, the serum is already out of date.
此外，当把这种抗体注射到黑猩猩身上时，它能抑制鼻病毒的生长，而在人类身上，它能减轻感冒症状的严重程度和持续时间。
Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms.
病毒传播时，亲吻太多是不好的。
When the virus is going around, too many kisses are not good.
当有人打喷嚏或咳嗽时，病毒可以在空气中传播一米远，所以你在与感冒患者交谈时最好站在适当的距离。
When someone sneezes (打喷嚏) or coughs, the viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you'd better stand a proper distance while talking to someone who has a cold.
一种疾病爆发时，新病毒的官方命名往往发布较慢，并且可能会导致许多问题的发生。
When a disease breaks out, the official (官方的) naming of a new virus is often late and may lead to many problems.
当人们第一次在显微镜下看到冠状病毒时，他们发现它的刺突使它看起来像一个皇冠。
When people first saw a corona-virus under a microscope, they found that its spikes made it look like a crown.
当流感病毒由一个人或一只鸟传给另一个人或鸟时，由于病毒复制错误，它们通常会带上基因中的随机变化。
As influenza viruses pass from one person, or bird, to another, they normally pick up random changes in their genes because of errors in viral replication.
每次你泡澡或淋浴时，都从身上洗掉了细菌和病毒。
Every time you take a bath or shower, you remove germs and viruses from your body.
这并不是第一个合成的病毒——某种脊髓灰质炎病毒已在一年前制造出来——却是唯一一个具有百分之一活性的病毒，花了三年时间才合成成功。
This was not the first synthetic virus — a polio virus had been made a year before — but it was only one ten-thousandth as active and it took three years to do.
当被感染的人打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时，病毒被释放出来并向周围的人群扩散。
When an infected person sneezes, coughs or talks, the virus is released into the air and can be spread to other people.
感染动物将病毒带入有媒介存在的地区时，就会造成疾病的传播，此种传播尤其令人感到关切。
This has occurred when infected animals have introduced the virus into areas where vectors were present and is a particular concern.
禽流感病毒在气温转为凉爽时变得更为活跃。
Avian influenza viruses become more active when temperatures turn cooler.
但在新的病毒出现，开始改变规则时，再周密的计划也需要有其弹性和灵活性。
But even the best-laid plans need to be fluid and flexible when a new virus emerges and starts changing the rules.
蚊子通常在吸食被感染人血液时获得病毒。
Mosquitoes generally acquire the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person.
病毒载量较低时传播的几率相对较低，但它仍然是有可能的，所以应该总是采取适当的预防措施。
Transmission may be less likely when you have a low viral load, but it is still possible so you should always take appropriate precautions.
当科学家们研究感染黑猩猩的病毒菌株时，他们发现这是与首先感染人类的病毒所密切相关的一种病毒。
And when scientists looked at the strain infecting the chimps, they found that it was a close relative of the virus that first infected humans.
他们还想知道病毒感染时如何刺激分子产物的。
They also want to know exactly how viral infections stimulate production of the molecules.
但感染HIV(艾滋病病毒)的母亲面临着一个困境：由于有些病毒会流入母乳，婴儿吃奶时便面临被感染的风险。
But mothers infected with HIV, the AIDS virus, face a dilemma: Because some of their virus can be shed in breast milk, babies risk becoming infected as they drink it.
因此，制定大流行计划时必须考虑多种来源、多种流感病毒亚型出现的风险。
Therefore, pandemic planning should consider risks of emergence of a variety of influenza subtypes from a variety of sources.
肖海姆说，一些病毒在其宿主产生了抵抗力时，也许已经进化出许多另类病毒蛰伏于冰中。
Many other viruses may have evolved to lay dormant in ice when their host populations develop resistance, says Shoham.
1996年当首次证明抗逆转录病毒疗法具有效果时，这个世界惊愕了。
The world marvelled in 1996 when antiretroviral therapy, or ART, was first shown to be effective.
他说，过去有人在接触感染病毒的猪时得了其他类型的猪流感。
In the past, he said, people have caught other types of swine flu from contact with infected pigs.
在病禽屠宰、拔毛和取出内脏时，通过直接接触，病毒可从禽鸟转移到人类。
When a diseased bird is slaughtered, defeathered and eviscerated, virus from the bird can transfer to humans through direct contact.
正常条件下，牛痘病毒每1.2小时传遍一个细胞，而现在减慢至每五六小时传遍一个细胞。
Under normal conditions, vaccinia spread across one cell every 1.2 hours, which was slowed to one cell every five to six hours.
直到她生病时，测试才显示出病毒已经扩散成了全面的艾滋病毒。
By the time she got sick, tests revealed the virus had developed into full-blown AIDS.
当您意识到你们已经发现了一种新病毒时，您的团队气氛如何？
What was the atmosphere in your team when you realized that you had identified a new virus?
当治疗中断时，病毒会起死回生，病人会经历疾病的复发。
When treatment is interrupted, the virus is reactivated and patients experience a recurrence of the disease.
不过，在媒蚊密度较高时，蚊虫向人传播病毒的相对重要性可能增加。
However, at times of high vector densities the relative importance of mosquito-to-human transmission may increase.
不过，在媒蚊密度较高时，蚊虫向人传播病毒的相对重要性可能增加。
However, at times of high vector densities the relative importance of mosquito-to-human transmission may increase.
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