目的：比较腹主动脉旁淋巴结肿瘤转移的3D-CRT和IMRT放射治疗计划的剂量学差异。
Objective: To compare dosimetry of 3D-CRT and IMRT plan for para-aortic lymph node tumor metastasis.
霍奇金淋巴瘤是淋巴结上的肿瘤，淋巴结是免疫系统的一部分。
Hodgkin's lymphoma is the cancer of the lymph nodes, which are part of the immune system.
X射线和其他的射线可以杀死细胞，这些射线以近端和远端的淋巴结为目标，瞄准在骨头里、肺里和脑里扩散的继发肿瘤（转移瘤）。
X-rays and other forms of radiation were known to kill cells and these were aimed at lymph glands near and distant, on sites of secondary cancer spread in bone and lung and brain.
当乳癌细胞扩散到附近的淋巴结时，医生有两个选择：他们可以切除肿瘤和最靠近肿瘤的一、两个淋巴结。
When breast cancer spreads to nearby lymph nodes, doctors have two choices: they can remove the main tumor and the one or two lymph nodes closest to it.
系统包括三个部分：原发肿瘤的扩散程度(t)；淋巴结的转移程度(N)和是否有了其他器官的转移(M)。
The system is based on the spread of the primary tumor (t), the extent of lymph node involvement (n), and the presence or absence of metastases (m).
肺癌的分期就是非常有效的评估工具，其中包括了对肿瘤恶性程度的判别，淋巴结是否转移以及是否已经转移扩散至其他器官。
Lung cancer staging is a validated tool that involves careful identification of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and metastatic spread.
此外，这种受体的表达较低与更高的淋巴结转移风险有关，而较高的表达大致与更小的肿瘤尺寸有联系。
Moreover, low expression of the receptor was associated with greater risk of lymph node metastasis and high expression showed borderline association with lower tumor size.
这最通常见应用于尚未扩散至淋巴结的靠雌激素为生的肿瘤的女性患者。
It is most commonly used in women with estrogen-fed tumors whose cancer has not spread to a lymph node.
我们的结果已经显示肿瘤生物学能发生改变。例如一项研究显示当癌转移到前哨淋巴结时有一半癌症发生变化。
Other studies have already shown that tumor biology can change. One study, for example, showed that half of cancers change when they spread to the sentinel node.
恶性细胞侵犯可导致局部淋巴结病如在头颈部肿瘤的病人中，也可是全身性淋巴结病如在播散性癌转移的病人中。
Invasion by malignant cells can cause either regional lymphadenopathy, as in patients with head and neck tumors, or generalized lymphadenopathy, as in patients with disseminated carcinomatosis.
例如，恶性肿瘤周围会有大量的淋巴结，但它是否是由于恶性肿瘤造成的还是其他原因造成的很难确定。
For example, a cancer may have in large lympho glands near to it, and it may be uncertain as to whether they are in large because of cancer or for another reason.
结论肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴结转移反映了肿瘤的生物学行为。
Conclusion Lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion may reflect the biologic behavior of the tumor.
许多证据提示术中淋巴结清扫术可以安全的进行，而且应该替代采样淋巴结切除成为确诊可疑性N2期肿瘤更有效的方法。
Intraoperatively, a growing body of evidence suggests that lymph node dissection can be performed safely, and should replace sampling as a more effective means of identifying unsuspected N2 disease.
肿瘤或淋巴结直径和体积通过测量CT扫描断层片获得。
The diameter and volume of tumor or lymph node were measured by CT scans.
目的研究淋巴结转移情况以判断肿瘤预后，指导综合治疗。
Objective Studing on lymph node metastases to judge the prognosis of tumor and direct the adjuvant therapy.
结论：口服或胃浆膜面注射榄香烯乳可诱导胃癌转移淋巴结中肿瘤细胞的凋亡，对预防和治疗胃癌淋巴转移具有一定的疗效。
Conclusion: oral administration or gastric serosa injection of beta-elemene can induce tumor apoptosis and may be useful for prevention and treatment of the lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.
肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期是影响食管癌患者生存的重要因素。
The tumor differentiation degree, invasion degree, lymph node metastasis, and its clinical stage were all important factors for patient survival.
经内窥镜间接淋巴造影在诊断消化道肿瘤淋巴结受累方面有广泛的发展前景。
Endoscopic indirect lymphography may have great use in the diagnosis of lymphatic involvement in tumor of GI tract.
该基因的表达与肿瘤组织学分型、浸润方式、肿瘤大小及淋巴结转移个数等无关（P>0.05）。
In contrast, the reduced expression of the LO gene had no relation to histological classification, invasion pattern, tumor size, and number of metastasis lymph nodes(P >0.05).
对颈部未触及肿大的淋巴结，但原发病灶较大、肿瘤侵润较深者行功能性颈清扫；
Functional neck dissection should be taken for patients who have no palpable cervical lymph node hot have larger primary cancer focus.
高水平的VEGF表达与肿瘤的浸润性生长、浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和肝转移具有明显相关关系。
High VEGF expression was significantly related with the infiltrative growth pattern, serosal invasion, lymph node and liver metastasis.
偶尔，淋巴结仅表现为非特异性淋巴组织增生，然而临近淋巴结隐匿恶性肿瘤。
Occasionally, nodes will reveal only nonspecific lymphoid hyperplasia, whereas a neighboring node will harbor metastatic tumor.
结论：双侧原发性乳腺癌的预后取决于腋窝淋巴结有无转移，肿瘤大小以及ER受体是否阳性。
Conclusions the prognosis of bilateral primary mammary cancer is decided by whether axilla lymph node has transferred, whether the tumor is big or small, and whether the er receptor is positive.
在T细胞杂交瘤中，转移到周围淋巴结的肿瘤细胞通常都有强的L-选择蛋白的表达。
T cells' hybrid tumor cells which specifically metastasize to lymph node highly express L-selectin.
目的为卵巢恶性肿瘤手术的淋巴结清扫提供形态学依据。
Objective: to provide morphologic evidence for the lymphadenectomy of the ovarian malignant tumor.
对肿瘤较大、淋巴结转移较多以及接受保乳手术的患者还需行放疗。
Is big to the tumor, the lymph node shift to be many as well as to accept guarantees the young surgery's patient also to need the good radiotherapy.
MRP蛋白表达增高可能反映肿瘤的浸润深度和提示肿瘤的淋巴结转移。
High expression of MRP might inflect deeply infiltrating of the tumor and indicate metastasis of lymph node.
另一方面，如果诊断不能明确又主要考虑恶性肿瘤，及时活检淋巴结是合适的。
On the other hand, if the diagnosis cannot be established and a malignancy is a major concern, biopsy of a lymph node is appropriate and should be done in a timely fashion.
结论：胃肠道淋巴瘤与淋巴结淋巴瘤不同，是一组具有独特临床病理特征的肿瘤。
Conclusion Unlike nodal lymphoma, PMLGI are a group of distinctive clinicopathological tumours.
单变量预后评价显示：肿瘤的大小、淋巴结浸润、组织型别、CEA、CA153等是无病存活的预后要素。
Univariate prognostic evaluation showed that tumor size, nodal involvement, histological grade, CA15 3 and CEA were prognostic factors in disease-free survival.
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