通过测量一束头发上较重的氢和氧同位素的比例，科学家可以构建一个地理时间轴。
By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline.
随着大量的水通过蒸发被抽离，并以雪的形式沉淀形成冰川冰，海洋中氧同位素的比率就发生了变化。
The oxygen isotope ratio of the ocean changes as a great deal of water is withdrawn from it by evaporation and is precipitated as snow to form glacial ice.
氧同位素的变化可能是结晶作用、去气作用或地壳物质混染所至。
Oxygen isotope variation maybe results from crystallization, degasification or hybridization of crust materials.
除了比对氧同位素的季度变化之外，渡边刚及其同事们还比对了年度的变化。
Besides finding season-to-season variations in oxygen isotopes, Watanabe and his colleagues discerned year-to-year variations.
今年3月，通过对冰岛一带贝壳的研究发现，其硬壳氧同位素的水平会随水温的变化而产生差异。
A study this March of clamshells taken from Iceland found that the levels of oxygen isotopes in the shell layers varied depending on the temperature of the water in which they formed.
在垂向上，碳、氧同位素的变化与沉积相演化和海平面曲线相吻合，说明它们与沉积环境的演化密切相关。
Their variations are consistent with the sedimentary facies and the sea level curve, showing a good response to the sedimentary environment.
因此，通过测量树的不同年轮(ring)中两种氧同位素的比例，并将结果比对年轮所显示的树龄，就可再现树木一生中所经历的所有飓风。
So, by measuring the ratio of the two isotopes in the rings of trees, and matching the result to the age of the ring, a history of hurricanes spanning the life of the tree can be reconstructed.
在水中大多数氢原子和氧原子是稳定的，但这两个元素也有微量以较重的同位素形式存在。
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes.
因此，更多的重氧同位素留在了海洋里，并被海洋有机物吸收。
Thus, more of the heavy isotope is left behind in the ocean and absorbed by marine organisms.
水中几乎所有的氧都是氧16，但每一千个分子中就有几个含有较重的同位素18。
Almost all the oxygen in water is oxygen 16, but a few molecules out of every thousand incorporate the heavier isotope 18.
当空气温度较高时，含有较重同位素氧-18的蒸汽比含有氧-16的蒸汽更容易凝结，并形成雪状的降水。
When the air was warm, vapor containing the heavier isotope, oxygen-18, condensed and formed precipitation, in the form of snow, more readily than did vapor containing oxygen-16.
研究人员对间冰期气候的线索来自保存在GRIP 冰芯中的两种略微不同类型的氧——即同位素氧-16和氧-18的比率。
Researchers' clues to the Eemian climate come from measurements of the ratios of two slightly different types of oxygen, isotopes oxygen-16 and oxygen-18, preserved in the GRIP core.
研究者们主张，不论是什么因素导致了氧同位素在古代的波动，这些波动确实证明了当时气候也曾逐年变化，就如同现在一样。
Whatever caused the ancient fluctuations in isotope ratios, the researchers contend, those variations are a sign that climate back then varied from year to year just as it does today.
在18件样本上检测了氧和锶的同位素。这两种元素在牙齿成型时，会固定在牙釉质上。
Oxygen and strontium isotopes, which are fixed in dental enamel at the time of tooth formation, were tested in 18 subjects.
他们研究了珊瑚碳酸盐骨骼中留存的氧同位素比例随珊瑚的生长逐月发生变化的情况。
They looked at how the ratios of oxygen isotopes locked in the corals' carbonate skeletons varied month by month as the colonies grew.
再加上检测同位素氧，分析表明至少有一具吃过小米的无头尸的主人，来自东欧，或者来自高海拔地区。
Combined with oxygen isotope testing, the analysis suggested that at least one headless millet-eater came from Eastern Europe or somewhere with access to water from high altitudes.
这项技术的确有效，因为当水从海中蒸发后，氢和氧的同位素升起形成云，接着当它飘至陆地上空时再变为雨。
The technique worksbecause when water evaporates at sea, a combination of hydrogen and oxygenisotopes rise to form a cloud, which then releases rain when it moves inland.
他们然后使用当地的降雪记录来寻找有气象记录的年代里降雪量和树木年轮中氧元素同位素的比率之间的关系。
They then used local snowfall records to find the relationship between precipitation and the proportion of heavy oxygen in tree rings for the years covered by the weather records.
冰河时期海洋中多空虫贝壳化石中积聚的较重的氧同位素比较多，而另一种轻的氧同位素则更多地积聚在古代冰层和积雪中。
During glacial periods, the forams' shells contain more of the heavier of two oxygen isotopes, as the lighter one is preferentially accumulated in snow and ice rather than the ocean.
这个特征就是氧的同位素，它是由氧原子和不同数量的中子组成的。
That water signature is in the form of oxygen isotopes, atoms of oxygen with different Numbers of neutrons.
这项技术很有效，因为当水从海里蒸发，氢和氧的同位素组合升空形成云，接着飘至陆地上空降雨。
The technique works because when water evaporates at sea, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes rise to form a cloud, which then releases rain when it moves inland.
重量较大的氧来自某种自然过程，在此过程中，大部分的轻同位素留在了形成太阳的部分星云中。
And the heavier oxygen from a natural process that left more of the light isotope in the part of the nebula that made the sun.
科学家认为重氮来自一颗彗星，而重氧则是来自行星形成的自然过程，这一过程把更轻的氧同位素留在了星云中，形成了太阳。
Scientists say the excess heavy nitrogen could have come from a comet. And the heavier oxygen from a natural process that left more of the light isotope in the part of the nebula that made the sun.
碳的一个同位素碳14也是稳定的，氧的情形也是这样，因此生命必须的有机反应成为可能。
An isotope of carbon known as carbon-14 would also be stable, as would a form of oxygen, so the organic reactions necessary for life would be possible.
不过这一最新的研究发现，太阳风当中的氧和氮同位素比例与地球、月球或火星上的比例不同。
But the new study shows that the ratio of oxygen and nitrogen isotopes found in the solar wind is different from the ratio here on earth, or on the moon or Mars.
气温变化周期是根据氧同位素测定的大量远古温度记录而推演出来的。 气温变化周期与人类演化进程的对照，暗示“黄金时期”与气候急剧波动而短暂的时期相对应。
What marked out this period was a greater range of recorded temperatures, suggesting it was a time of rapid but short-lived fluctuations in climate.
氧同位素会随着大气水循环而变化，硫同位素则根据地球岩床的不同而变化，通过它们我们就能确定地理位置。
Oxygen isotopes vary with the water cycle, and sulfur with bedrock, so they're location proxies.
因为如果是那样的话，阳光将会被转换成大量的碳、氧原子保存到石灰岩中的碳酸钙里，而事实却是，岩层的同位素组成（Isotopic composition）中没有留下任何蛛丝马迹。
They would leave subtle clues in the isotopic composition of the limestone by shifting the ratios of light to heavy carbon and oxygen atoms in its calcium carbonate.
他们所使用的办法是观测当地树木的木材中的氧同位素组成（isotopic composition）。
The trick they used to do this was to look at the isotopic composition of the oxygen in the wood of local trees.
碳同位素显示的格局，但它是较为困难的解释比氧同位素模式。
Carbon isotopes show a pattern, but it is somewhat more difficult to interpret than the oxygen isotope pattern.
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