检索系统设计和评价的类型包括正式的建模、分析研究、模拟和用户测试。
Types of retrieval system design and evaluation include formal modeling, analytical studies, simulations and user tests.
一般来说，建模从一次非正式的会话开始，期间可以收集到模型中基本的定义和最简单的关系。
Typically, modeling starts with an informal session in which you collect the basic definitions and the most simple relationships in the model.
因此解决方案非常依赖于业务过程的正式建模，就如同现今软件系统的通用实践。
The solution is therefore to rely heavily on formal modeling for the business processes, as is common practice today for software systems.
治理决策来确定那些工件需要正式的生命周期过程建模和治理，那些将受到非正式的或“特别”的管理。
It is a governance decision to determine which artifacts require formal lifecycle process modeling and governance, and which ones will be subject to informal or "AD hoc" management.
大多数的早期软件建模语言被非正式地定义，并很少注重它的精确性。
Most early software modeling languages were defined informally, with little attention paid to precision.
极限编程(Extreme Programming,XP)——XP是轻量级方法，避免了与“测试第一”方法相关的正式建模和分析。
Extreme Programming (XP) — XP is a lightweight methodology that eschews formal modeling and analysis in favor of a "test first" approach.
服务具有语法、语义和QoS特征，所有这些都必须进行建模；正式的接口契约必须涵盖的比web服务描述语言(WebServices Description Language,WSDL)的多。
A service has syntax, semantics, and QoS characteristics that all have to be modelled; formal interface contracts have to cover more than the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) does.
通过不断的迭代逐渐形成更加正式、更加完整的模型(一般要从白板上转移到建模工具中)。
These iterations gradually build a more formal and more complete model (typically moving from the whiteboard to the modeling tool).
当流程模型正式形成并经过了验证后，可以将其作为项目的下一阶段（如用例建模）的主要输入使用。
The process models, when formalized and validated, serve as the main input for the next phase of a project, for example, use case modeling.
特别是，UML建模概念的语义(或含义)的规范，对这些作为自动代码生成或正式确认的基于MDD的活动仍旧是不适当的。
In particular, the specification of the semantics (or meaning) of the UML modeling concepts remained inadequate for such MDD-oriented activities as automatic code generation or formal verification.
图3：没有用定义明确的建模符号绘制的非正式的系统会很快松散起来。
Figure 3: an informal system drawing without well-defined modeling notation can quickly become incoherent.
系统语义的正式文档(通过建模)将提高软件质量，延长设计的有效生命周期(从而提高roi)。
Formal documentation of system semantics (through modeling) will increase software quality and extend the useful lifetime of designs (thereby increasing ROI).
现今大多数组织使用的建模方法属于下面三种非正式定义的类别之一。
The modeling approaches that most organizations use today fall into one of the three informally defined categories.
通过正式的、基于UML的用户和用户接口建模，在参与软件开发生命周期的不同团队之间创建明确的文档及通信。
Creates unambiguous documentation and communication among the various teams participating in the software development cycle via the formal, UML-based modeling of users and of user interfaces.
通过正式的、基于UML的用户和用户接口建模，在参与软件开发生命周期的不同团队之间创建明确的文档及通信。
Creates unambiguous documentation and communication among the various teams participating in the software development cycle via the formal, UML-based modeling of users and of user interfaces.
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