地震是由两块地壳构造板块互相碰撞造成的。
Earthquakes are caused by two tectonic plates bumping into each other.
现在这些地壳板块支撑着大陆和海洋。
Now these tectonic plates support the continents and oceans.
一般来说，板块的内部在地质上是平静的。
Generally speaking, the interiors of plates are geologically uneventful.
是否有某些板块或岩浆湖与这些地震有关呢？
Are there any plates or magma lakes related to these earthquakes?
在地壳下面，有许多移动的板块在缓慢移动。
Underneath the Earth's crust, there are a number of shifting slabs or plates that are slowly moving.
地球表面由不断移动和相互碰撞的刚性板块组成。
Earth's surface consists of rigid plates that are constantly shifting and jostling one another.
热点和它们的火山痕迹是标志板块移动的里程碑。
The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
然后是在1963年，在板块构造理论发展的早期。
Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
基本上，俯冲带就是两个地壳构造板块碰撞的地方。
Basically, a subduction zone is where two tectonic plates collide.
越来越多的这种板块，即海床，将在大陆下方进入地幔。
More and more of this plate, the ocean floor, would go down under the continent into the mantle.
超级强震产生于俯冲带——两个板块交汇的陆地板块边界。
Megathrusts are created in subduction zones—land plate boundaries where two plates converge.
地球上大部分的火山活动和地震活动发生在板块之间的边界处。
It is at the boundaries between plates that most of Earth's volcanism and earthquake activities occur.
很难看出这个理论如何适用于大西洋中脊和印度洋脊之间的板块。
It is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean.
比如，考虑到太平洋板块的当前位置，夏威夷位于太平洋热点之上。
For example, given the current position of the Pacific Plate, Hawaii is above the Pacific Ocean hot spot.
相反，它们是其他类型的火山，比如地层火山，是板块运动的结果。
Instead, they are other volcano types, like strata volcanoes, for example, which are a result of the tectonic plate movement.
正如我们讨论过的，地壳由位于熔融岩石的地幔上的大型板块构成。
As we've discussed, Earth's crust is made up of large plates that rest on a mantle of molten rock.
魏格纳的概念与后来被广泛接受的板块构造理论之间有相当大的重叠。
There is a considerable overlap between Wegener's concepts and the later widely embraced plate tectonics theory.
看来，板块上侧冷却的地幔物质的下沉流可能是造成这种深盆地的原因。
It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins.
这个板块是在两边生长的，由于没有中间的沟槽，两个脊必然是分开的。
This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart.
另一种可能是下沉的板块冷却了邻近的地幔，并产生对流，使板块移动。
Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates.
现在看来，它们对推动板块在全球范围内运动的地球物理过程也有重要影响。
It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.
一些山脉是由于这些板块相互碰撞，迫使板块边缘的岩石向上移动而形成的。
Some mountains were formed as a result of these plates crashing into each other and forcing up the rock at the plate margins.
因此，近年来，一些地质学家会利用板块构造理论来进行他们所谓的地质预测。
So, in recent years, some geologists have used plate tectonic theory to make what they call geopredictions.
当大陆板块停留在一个热点上时，从深层升起的物质就会形成一个广阔的圆顶。
When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome.
从理论上讲，这种对流会把大陆板块带到一起，好像把它们放在传送带上一样。
Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt.
构成地球表面的那些构造板块极其缓慢但剧烈的运动，也可能导致异地物种形成。
Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the imperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic plates that make up Earth's surface.
地球内部因放射而产生的热量为板块运动、大陆漂移、造山运动和地震提供了能量。
Earth's internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes.
这些火山没有一个是由于火星地壳板块之间的碰撞而形成的——火星上没有板块运动。
None of these volcanoes was formed as a result of collisions between plates of the Martian crust—there is no plate motion on Mars.
板块运动是地幔运动的表面现象。地幔是位于地壳和金属内核之间的一层厚厚的岩石壳。
Plate movements are the surface expressions of motions in the mantle—the thick shell of rock that lies between Earth's crust and its metallic core.
在地球上，移动的构造板块是一个主要的地质元素，对整个地表的动态变化至关重要，对吗？
Here on Earth, moving tectonic plates are a major geological element, just crucial for the whole surface dynamic, right?
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