在人类历史上，每逢新旧时代的交替时期都会发生大规模的思想启蒙运动。

In the history of mankind, each time at the transition of the old and the new, there was always a large scale of movement of enlightenment of thoughts.

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在中国近代社会东西方文化冲突、新旧时代递嬗的大背景下，苏曼殊的小说创作具有承前启后的作用。

In the early years of 20th century, when the old times was dying and the new era was forthcoming, there were vehement conflicts between the eastern and western culture in China.

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哈代作品的悲剧意识是哈代研究中一直被关注的焦点。 而哈代作为处于新旧时代交界线上的作家，其创作必然受到现代意识、现代观念的影响。

The tragic consciousness in Hardy's works has been a focus in the study of Hardy, which was influenced by the modern consciousness and ideas.

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哈代作品的悲剧意识是哈代研究中一直被关注的焦点。 而哈代作为处于新旧时代交界线上的作家，其创作必然受到现代意识、现代观念的影响。

The tragic consciousness in Hardy's works has been a focus in the study of Hardy, which was influenced by the modern consciousness and ideas.

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