拜占庭和亚历山大学派研究文本异文的方法是错误的，因为他们都只使用了一些新约手抄本作为最正确和可靠的文本。
The Byzantine and Alexandrian approaches to studying text variants are faulty because both use only certain copies of the New Testament as being the most accurate and reliable.
作为耶鲁学派的代表人物之一，米勒提出了小说的语言话语本体理论，认为文学文本本身是异质的多元的。
As a representative of Yale School, Miller put forward the theory of discourse as the essence of all texts, which are themselves self-contradictory.
《意思文本》模式是莫斯科语义学派的核心理论，是一种对语言的编码和解码的工具。
The "Meaning Text" Model is the nucleus of the Moscow semantic school. It is a tool of encoding and decoding language.
在对小说文本进行分析的基础上，尝试运用俄国形式主义学派的“陌生化”手法解读桑提亚哥这一人物形象塑造的新颖、奇特之处。
On the basis of the textual analysis of the novel, V-effect of character depiction from Russian formalism is used to explore the novelty and peculiarity of the depiction of Santiago.
操控学派理论认为，翻译是对源文本进行的一种改写，是一种操控活动。
The Manipulation School holds that translation is a kind of rewriting of the source text, and a kind of manipulation activities.
最后，借鉴德国功能翻译学派的观点“翻译目标决定翻译手段”，作者通过以上分析得出了旅游文本翻译的新模式。
In the end, in the light of the German Skopos Theory's point of view "the end justifies the means", the author concludes a new translation model about tourism text.
最后，借鉴德国功能翻译学派的观点“翻译目标决定翻译手段”，作者通过以上分析得出了旅游文本翻译的新模式。
In the end, in the light of the German Skopos Theory's point of view "the end justifies the means", the author concludes a new translation model about tourism text.
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