升，降，和固定的标准对学生在掌握性课程中的表现和态度的影响。教育传播与技术杂志。
The effects of ascending, descending, and fixed criteria on student performance and attitude in a mastery-oriented course. Educational Communication and Technology Journal.
1972年，美国的教育传播与技术协会发表的教育技术定义是整体教育技术正式形成的标志。
The 1972's definition which Association of educational Communication and technology is the mark of the formation of integrated educational technology.
正是这样，视觉文化与教育技术融合在一起成为历史的必然，并使得在教育文化传播中引起视觉文化新的价值变化与新的研究任务。
As a result, the blending between visual culture and Education Technology has become an overwhelming historic trend, and it has brought out new value and new research task for visual culture.
正是这样，视觉文化与教育技术融合在一起成为历史的必然，并使得在教育文化传播中引起视觉文化新的价值变化与新的研究任务。
As a result, the blending between visual culture and Education Technology has become an overwhelming historic trend, and it has brought out new value and new research task for visual culture.
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