尽管这向天文学家证明了金星被一层厚厚的气体所包围，这层气体使太阳光在金星周围发生折射，但这两种效应都使精确的时间控制成为不可能。
While this showed astronomers that Venus was surrounded by a thick layer of gases refracting sunlight around it, both effects made it impossible to obtain accurate timings.
最大的不同是视图和控制逻辑被分离成两个完全不同的层。
The big difference is that the view and control logic is separated into completely distinct layers.
在物理网络层控制路由需要将策略嵌入到拓扑中。
Controlling routing at the physical network layer embeds policy into topology.
当关键数据被其他软件控制的时候，开发人员可以添加额外的应用程序层和数据级安全。
Developers can add an extra layer of application and data-level security when critical data is controlled by their software.
客户端层控制事务作用域。
此层的目的纯粹是提供为实现整合及控制功能所需的那些实体。
The purpose of this layer is purely to support entities required for the implementation of integration and control functionality.
不过，您还缺少控制可视层或绘制远足路线的功能。
You're still lacking any ability to control visible layers or draw hiking routes, however.
在流程分解框架中，每个控制者都属于其中的某个层。
In the process-decomposition framework, each controller belongs to one of the layers.
控制器将这两个层联系在了一起。
但是，这种设计看起来与便利层的目标冲突，便利层主要关注文档特性，一个特性可能控制多个xml元素。
But this design seems to conflict with the convenience layer goal, which is to focus on the feature, where one feature might control multiple XML elements.
而这个新的层就被称作“控制器层”。
最后，中间的“控制”和“风险管理”层作为联系价值和供应链的纽带：控制机制。
Finally, the Governance and Risk Management layer in the middle represents the linking of the value and supply chains: the control mechanism.
由于原材料的价格几乎涨了一倍，管理层希望控制库存成本。
As the price of the raw materials has almost doubled, the management wants to control inventory costs.
控制器层负责实现服务的业务逻辑，具体通过调用其他服务、其他控制器或实体管理层实现。
The controller layer is responsible for implementing the business logic of the service, achieved by invoking other services, other controllers, or an entity management layer.
在应用过程中，需在纤维外部加上一层反光曾，然后通过施加电子信号来控制其振动。
This involves covering the fibres with a reflective coating, and then controlling their vibration by applying electrical signals.
模型指数据，视图指表示层，而控制器指应用程序逻辑或业务逻辑。
Model refers to your data, View to your presentation layer, and Controller refers to the application or business logic.
基础网络体系结构可分为三个层次(设备层、传输层和控制层)，其上还有服务层，我们将按照从下向上的顺序分别进行介绍。
The underlying network architecture can be divided into three layers (Device layer, Transport layer, and Control layer) plus the service layer and will be introduced from bottom to top respectively.
类似地，对访问控制的更改要求更改核心层中的内置访问机制。
Likewise, changes to access controls require changes to built-in access mechanism in the core layer.
依照最佳实践，视图层和控制层进行通信，控制层将通信转至业务层。
According to best practices, the view layer communicates with the control layer, which in turn communicates with the business layer.
例如，不要将它放在应用程序的视图层和控制层之间。
For instance, don't put it between the view layer and the controller layer of an application.
核心层可提供用于构建具有访问、审核和加密控制的中间层的基础。
The core layer provides a foundation upon which you build the middle layer with access, audit, and cryptographic controls.
自那时以来，他们一直反抗、限制或阻止形成旨在控制酸雨、臭氧层损耗，以及最近的全球变暖法律。
And they have been battling ever since, blocking or holding back laws aimed at curbing acid rain, ozone-layer depletion, and - mostly recently - global warming.
反过来，ip层又提供由网际控制报文协议(ICMP)和传输控制协议(TCP)使用的服务。
The IP layer, in turn, provides services used by the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
例如，对核心层的加密技术的更改要求对加密控制进行更改，反之亦然。
For instance, changes to cryptography in the core layer require changes to the cryptographic controls, and vice versa.
您将需要确定可以基于核心层的风险消除技术自动实现何种类型的控制。
You'll need to determine what types of controls you can automatically implement based on the risk-mitigating technologies in the core layer.
整个流程由安全和管理层控制，在此不对其进行讨论。
This whole process is governed by security and management layers, which I don't discuss here.
这一层级所表达的区域往往超出团队的控制。
Often this level expresses the area over which the team has control, or one level above that.
随着时间的推移，DBA控制数据库性能的权力越来越少了，或者至少更难获得控制权力，因为应用程序结构中添加了其他层。
Over time, the DBA's ability to control database performance has eroded, or at least become much harder, as additional layers emerge in the application stack.
随着时间的推移，DBA控制数据库性能的权力越来越少了，或者至少更难获得控制权力，因为应用程序结构中添加了其他层。
Over time, the DBA's ability to control database performance has eroded, or at least become much harder, as additional layers emerge in the application stack.
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