通过声明抽象的元素或者类型，XMLSchema提供了一种强制替换机制。
By declaring an element or type to be abstract, XML Schema provides a mechanism to force substitution for it.
非洲鼓的形体及鼓身图腾符号，直线的交错同时具有现代感，从这种抽象的元素中提取装饰设计元素符号，贯穿整个内部空间。
African drum drum body physique and symbols, the crisscross lines totem with contemporary, from the abstract element extracted element symbols adornment design, throughout the interior space.
通过部首或语义元素的组合，单个复合词可以表达复杂的概念关系，通常具有抽象的普遍性。
By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character.
引起问题的另一个原因就是那些模型经常首先使用类元素(例如：联合和抽象)，在代码中它们仅仅是通过名称被引用。
Another cause of problems is that models often use first class elements (for example, associations and abstractions) for what in code would be just simple references by name.
理想情况是，注释类型应当表示程序元素的抽象功能，而不是它们预期的消费。
Ideally, annotation types should represent abstract characteristics of a program element and not their expected consumption.
每一个斜体的术语表示引用该语法中的一个抽象元素。
Each italicized term refers to another abstract element in the grammar.
当您降低抽象级别的时候，表现相同的事物则需要使用更多的元素。
As you move down abstraction levels, you would need more elements to represent the same thing.
如果LotusNotes应用程序有若干个数据元素，则每个数据元素可能有一个或多个抽象类型的组件。
If your Lotus Notes application has several data elements, you might have one or more of these abstract types of components for each data element.
通过在模式注释中表达，snowboard元素被附加到同名的抽象概念中。
The snowboard element is attached to the abstract concept of the same name through expression within the schema annotation.
param元素提供了抽象范式中每个参数引用的值。
The param elements provide a value for each parameter reference used in the abstract pattern.
e4引入了额外的一层，可将UI元素提取和抽象成一个模型。
E4 introduces a layer that abstracts the UI elements to a model.
使用抽象的UI对象来封装Web UI元素。
自从一个体系架构只把焦点集中在这些元素上以来，它就提供了一个抽象的系统，因而提供了一个复杂的管理方法。
Since an architecture focuses on only those elements that are significant, it provides an abstraction of the system and therefore provides a means of managing complexity.
这就意味着，你可以把一个给定类型的模型元素合并到单元里，依次类推，你可以用这种方式在下个抽象层面上进行合并，并把这些合并后的单元作为一个模块进行使用。
This means that you can combine model elements of a given type into units that, in turn, you can use as the building blocks to be combined in the same way at the next level of abstraction, and so on.
这个查询是从一个上下文元素开始的，并遵照相反方向的跟踪关系从而发现更低抽象层的同一水平的元素。
This query starts at a context element and follows all trace relationships in the reverse direction to discover all elements in lower levels of abstraction.
例如，在逻辑视点中，我们创建子系统来表示抽象的，高级的功能元素。
For example, in the Logical viewpoint, we create subsystems to represent abstract, high-level elements of functionality.
设计具有一个重要的特征，它应该追溯到更高抽象级别的元素(例如，业务流程或者用例)，包括需求。
A key characteristic of the design is that it should trace back to elements at higher levels of abstractions (for example, business processes or use cases), including requirements.
虽然这确实需要一些XML的基础知识（理解元素是什么以及文档的基本结构），但还是对程序员抽象了解析的细节。
While this does require some basic knowledge of XML -- understanding what an element is and the basic structure of the document -- it still abstracts details about parsing from the programmer.
这个查询是从一个上下文元素开始的，并遵照向前方向的即时跟踪关系从而发现更高抽象层的同一水平的元素。
This query starts at a context element and follows all trace relationships in the forward direction to discover all elements in higher levels of abstraction.
然而，云计算的关键元素是抽象，它提供超越这样的设施。
However, one of the key elements of Cloud Foundry is the abstraction it provides over such infrastructure.
随着模型从抽象元素转移到具体元素，功能被分配到软件、硬件、固件和工作者，并且元素之间的协作被最后确定下来。
As the model moves from abstract to concrete elements, functions are allocated to software, hardware, firmware, and workers, and the collaborations between elements are finalized.
元素是特定的抽象级别上不可拆分的不透明实体。
An element is an opaque entity that is indivisible at a given level of abstraction.
在这里，解析器检测标记间的结合同其语法中的抽象元素的匹配程度。
Here, the parser tests combinations of tokens to see how they compare to the abstract elements in its grammar.
基本抽象类型定义了几种典型的元素，如名称和描述，以及支持定位约束(如果没有包含在BICS文档中)的元素。
The base abstract type defines several typical elements such as a name and description, as well as elements that support the location of a constraint if it is not contained within the BICS document.
定义抽象复杂类型和抽象元素的时机与方法。
When and how to define abstract complex types and abstract elements.
元素相当于一个抽象的portlet应用程序，该元素用于安装portlet应用程序。
The element corresponds to an abstract portlet application and it is used to install portlet applications.
例如，有多种方法来描述一个集合中的值，这个集合可以是多种多样的：xs：choice、元素替代组、抽象元素、抽象类型以及更多。
For example, there are multiple ways to describe values from a set that may vary: xs: choice, element substitution groups, abstract elements, abstract types, and many more.
通过将其内容抽象为单个SOAPElement ，头元素内容的结构和处理已经委托给 SignatureTool 。
The structure and processing of the header element content has been delegated to SignatureTool by abstracting the content to a single SOAPElement.
这个模型元素vehicle的代码显示在列表9中。尽管这些接口的定义与那些类定义十分相似，但是这些接口下面的操作通常是抽象的。
The code for the model element Vehicle is shown in Listing 9. Although the definitions for these interfaces are similar to those of classes, the operations under these interfaces are always abstract.
分析模型：一个高度抽象的模型，包含了解决方案的代表元素，而不包含任何具体的平台或结构方面的考虑。
Analysis model: a highly abstract model containing elements representative of the solution, yet without any platform - or architecture-specific concerns.
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