是什么在推动抗菌素耐药性？
抗菌素耐药性使卫生保健费用增加。
这种做法加剧了日益严峻的抗菌素耐药性问题。
抗菌素耐药性方面的事实。
抗菌素耐药性对传染病控制带来了妨碍。
只有少数国家有政策控制和防范抗菌素耐药性。
A few of these countries have policies on containing and preventing antimicrobial resistance.
主要抗菌素耐药性的出现速度超过了研制替代药物的速度。
Resistance to mainstay antimicrobials is occurring at a rate that outpaces the development of replacement drugs.
世卫组织把“抵御抗菌素耐药性”选为2011年世界卫生日的主题。
WHO has selected combating antimicrobial resistance as the theme for World Health Day 2011.
抗菌素耐药性是一个真实的公共卫生问题，正在全球和欧洲显现。
[Antimicrobial resistance] is a real public health problem and it is emerging globally and in Europe.
因此，“抗菌素耐药性”是耐药基因经由微生物谱系传承的一种有编码的古老现象。
"Antimicrobial resistance" is thus an ancient phenomenon encoded on resistance genes passed down through microbial lineages.
药物使用不当很容易造成抗菌素耐药性，例如当剂量低于标准或未完成规定的疗程时。
Antimicrobial resistance is facilitated by the inappropriate use of medicines, for example, when taking substandard doses or not finishing a prescribed course of treatment.
患者、卫生保健人员、农民以及兽医的决定是驱使抗菌素耐药性产生的因素。
Antimicrobial resistance is driven by the decisions of patients, healthcare practitioners, farmers, and veterinarians.
不建议大规模使用抗生素，因为这对控制霍乱的蔓延没有效果，反而有助于增加抗菌素耐药性。
Mass administration of antibiotics is not recommended, as it has no effect on the spread of cholera and contributes to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
世界卫生组织当天在日内瓦呼吁全球关注抗菌素耐药性问题，并遏制这一问题的蔓延。
The world health organization calls for global attention in Geneva on antibiotics resistance problems and curb the spread of this problem.
“抗菌素耐药性是超越卫生部门的一个问题，所以很重要的是要由所有部门参与”，Jakab说。
"Antimicrobial resistance is a problem that goes beyond the health sector, so it is important to involve all sectors," says Jakab.
随着世界抗菌素耐药性的激增，现在必须着重研究抗菌素耐药性以及多药物耐药性病原体的传播问题。
With the sharp rise of antimicrobial resistance in the world, it is key that research now focuses on antimicrobial resistance and the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens.
在2001年，世卫组织发表了《控制抗菌素耐药性全球战略》，其中包含各国可自己调整使用的建议。
In 2001, WHO released the Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, containing recommendations that countries could customize for their own use.
密闭式动物喂养涉及大量使用抗生素，而这促成了抗菌素耐药性的问题。你们在这次会议期间将讨论这一点。
Confined animal feeding operations involve heavy use of antibiotics, and this contributes to the problem of antimicrobial resistance, as you will be discussing during this session.
正如在今年世界卫生日我们将焦点集中在抵御抗菌素耐药性需求上一样，当今世界正面临着这个严峻的现实。
This is the stark reality the world faces as we focus this year’s World Health Day on the need to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Jakab充分认识到针对欧洲抗菌素耐药性的斗争需要持续提高警惕，否则耐药性结核病等问题将恶化。
Jakab is well aware that the struggle against antimicrobial resistance in Europe requires continuous vigilance if problems such as drug-resistant tuberculosis are not to get worse.
抗菌素耐药性是一个严重问题，影响到传染病控制的核心工作并有可能使进展停滞，或甚至可能出现倒退。
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem that strikes at the core of infectious disease control and has the potential to halt, and possibly even to roll back, progress.
抗菌素耐药性降低了治疗有效性，因为病人在更长的时间内具有传染性，所以可能会把耐药微生物传播给他人。
AMR reduces the effectiveness of treatment because patients remain infectious for longer, thus potentially spreading resistant microorganisms to others.
抗菌素耐药性指微生物对原本有效的抗菌素产生耐药性，当微生物发生突变或获得耐药基因时，就产生了耐药性。
Antibiotic resistance to originally effective means microbes antibiotic resistance mutations or, when microbes get resistance genes, it showed resistance.
抗菌素耐药性的出现是一个复杂的问题，是由众多相互关联的因素推动形成的；单一和孤立的干预措施几乎没有作用。
The emergence of AMR is a complex problem driven by many interconnected factors; single, isolated interventions have little impact.
一篇发表在《抗菌素耐药性和感染控制》上的研究发现，一些微生物能在银行钞票的塑料聚合物表面上生存更久的时间。
A study published in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control found that some microbes can have an even longer lifespan on plastic polymer bank notes.
问：世界卫生组织在2001年发表了控制抗菌素耐药性的全球战略，强调过度使用和滥用抗菌素是造成耐药性的主要原因。
Q: the World Health Organization (WHO) released a global strategy to contain antimicrobial resistance in 2001, highlighting antimicrobial overuse and misuse as the chief causes of drug resistance.
抗菌素耐药性是由使用抗菌素药物，特别是对抗菌素药物的不当使用造成的，当微生物发生突变或获得耐药基因时，就产生了耐药性。
AMR is a consequence of the use, particularly the misuse, of antimicrobial medicines and develops when a microorganism mutates or acquires a resistance gene.
但在接受采访时，John Conly教授认为过度使用和滥用抗生素导致抗菌素耐药性，即2011年世界卫生日的主题，是更为重要的问题。
But in this interview, Professor John Conly argues that the overuse and misuse of antibiotics leading to antimicrobial resistance - the theme of World Health Day 2011 - is the more important topic.
集约型的食品生产，包括在动物身上使用抗菌素，给微生物世界造成了新的压力，导致变异和适应，包括耐药性。
Intensive food production, including the use of antibiotics in animals, creates additional pressures on the microbial world, leading to mutations and adaptations, including drug resistance.
耐药性产生的起因是对药物敏感的结核病患者进行化疗时，不恰当地使用了抗菌素。
Drug resistance arises due to the improper use of antibiotics in chemotherapy of drug-susceptible TB patients.
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