将新知识和我们已学的知识联系起来能让我们更容易记住新知识。
Connecting new knowledge to what we have learnt can help us remember new knowledge more easily.
但神经经济学领域的诞生源于这样一种认识，即大脑的物理运作方式限制了我们决策的方式。
But the field of neuroeconomics was born out of the realization that the physical workings of the brain place limitations on the way we make decisions.
我们买它们是因为这瓶子符合人体工程学，贴合于我们的手掌；因为它们在打折，又或者我们喜欢那个代言产品的女演员。
We buy them because of how ergonomically the bottle fits into the palm of our hand; because they're on sale, or we like the actress who endorses the products.
遗传学的一场革命将这一问题定位为一个有关我们社会特征的现代政治问题：如果性格与我们的基因紧密相连，那么政府能做些什么来帮助我们呢？
A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us?
遗传学也正使我们对癌症的理解发生巨大的变化。
Genetics is also bringing about dramatic changes in our understanding of cancer.
首先，只有采取行动，我们才能找到解决这些问题的最好方法，但仅仅旁观的话，我们学不到任何有意义的东西。
To begin with, only by taking actions can we find the best way to solve those problems we are facing, but as a bystander, we can learn nothing meaningful.
自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路以来，我和妻子一直告诉他们，我们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
我们即将看到神经美食学的积极应用，即通过操控食物的味道来抑制我们的食欲。
On the horizon we have the positive application of neurogastronomy; manipulating flavor to curb our appetites.
我们有对经济学家的访谈，那么当我们进行到经济学章节的时候，我就会要你们去听一下相关的播客。
We've had economists visit, and when we do the class on economics, I'll urge you to listen to that particular podcast.
这不是什么能获得荣耀的工作，但是我们在寻找有一些人类学知识背景的人来加入我们。
There is not much glory in it, but we are looking for someone with some knowledge of anthropology to join us.
我们真的不需要更多的诗歌、性别研究或社会学专业。
We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors.
你选择的旋转字母的数量就是我们在密码学中所说的密匙。
The number that you choose to rotate your letters by is what we call in cryptography, a key.
正如我说过的，接下来的几周，我们将以更广泛的视角来研究地质学。
So for several weeks like I said we'll be addressing geology from a wider perspective.
我们的理念是，要激励孩子们自幼就明白工程学是一项伟大的事业。
Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great career.
里德补充说：“尽管如此，表观遗传学的最新研究有望进一步加深我们的理解。”
"Having said that," Reed adds, "the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our understanding even further."
自我意识的发展和个体认同的概念是使我们成为人类的神经生物学变化的关键部分。
The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human.
经济学告诉我们，避免气候变化，即避免风险的支出也许比处理可能发生的后果所用的费用要少。
What the economics tells us is that it's probably cheaper to avoid climate change—to avoid the risk—than it is to deal with the likely consequences.
我们正在尝试了解蜥脚类动物的生物学，比较它们的化石和现代动物的解剖结构，以更好了解它们是如何生活的。
We are trying to understand the biology of sauropods, comparing their fossils to the anatomy of modern animals to get a better idea of how they lived.
研究表观遗传学的一个方法是通过揭示环境直接影响基因的机制来彻底改变我们对生物学的理解。
One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes.
我们需要改变教授工程学的方式，让它成为学生们一次愉快的经历。
We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students.
这是真正要在化学，生物学和我们将要关注的其他类型变化中占有最大份额的条件。
This is the condition for really the lion's share of chemistry, biology, and other kinds of changes we'll be concerned with.
对地球来说幸运的是，社会科学和行为经济学或许可以为我们做到这一点。
Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.
对地球来说幸运的是，社会科学和行为经济学或许可以为我们做到这一点。
Fortunately for the earth, social science and behavioral economics may be able to do that for us.
上学期我上了一门考古学的课，在这门课上我们花了很多时间来研究确定物件日期的方法。
Last semester I took an archaeology class and we spent a lot of time studying ways to date things.
从纯粹的生物学意义上讲，恐惧始于身体系统对可能会伤害我们的事情的反应，也就是所谓的“战或逃反应”。
In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body's system for reacting to things that can harm us—the so-called fight-or-flight response.
俄亥俄州立大学经济学教授露西亚·邓恩警告称：“如果我们的发现依然成立，未来可能会有更多老年人出现严重的财务问题。”
"If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future," warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State.
哈佛医学院精神病学助理教授斯里尼·皮莱认为，停工期与生产力之间这种反常理的联系可能是由我们大脑的运作方式造成的。
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.
智力可以在多大程度上被测定，关于智力，我们又能从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域中了解多少呢？
How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
我并不想成为这场聚会上的讨厌鬼，但我认为重要的是，要问清楚神经科学是否揭示了我们从人类学等学科中已知之外的东西。
Not to be the skunk at this party, but I think it's important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from anthropology.
光谱学基本上是一种研究光谱和光谱线的学科，特别对我们来说，是研究恒星发出的光。
Spectroscopy is basically the study of spectra and spectral lines of light, and specifically for us, the light from stars.
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