日志在应用层的可靠性问题。
一般情况下，这些规则总是在应用层实现。
Traditionally, these rules have always been implemented on the application layer.
然而，在协议层和应用层常常需要其它形式的转换。
However, additional transformation is frequently needed both at the protocol and application levels.
它使用最新标准并依赖J2EE规范来提供应用层安全设施。
It USES the latest standards and relies on J2EE specifications to provide application-level security facilities.
应用层：这里主要是需要进行网络通信的应用程序。
Application layer: The application layer is used by most programs that require network communication.
所有应用层协议都使用套接字层作为与传输层协议之间的接口。
All application layer protocols use the sockets layer as their interface to the transport layer protocol.
应用层用于处理业务逻辑，例如接受订单或者选择显示的内容。
An application layer to process business logic, like accepting orders or choosing content to display.
最上面是用户空间层，或称为应用层，其中定义了网络栈的用户。
At the top is the user space layer, or application layer, which defines the users of the network stack.
通知、同步和设备管理服务也在应用层中的一个单独节点上运行。
The notification, synchronization, and device manager services also run in the application tier on a separate node.
Web层，应用层和数据库层之间不应该有任何交叉。
There should not be any affinity between the web tier, application tier and the database tier.
原则：争取不要在逻辑应用层之间使用基于XML的Web服务。
Principle: Try not to use XML-based Web Services between the layers of a logical application.
此外，较高级别的协议提供更复杂的应用层服务，如Telnet。
In addition, the higher level protocols provide more sophisticated application layer services, such as Telnet.
您将引入一个反向代理服务器来保护安装在应用层的Web服务器。
You will introduce a reverse proxy server to protect the Web server installed on the application tier.
领域模型把应用划分成三个部分：表现层，应用层和数据层。
The Domain Model divides into three portions: a presentation tier, an application tier, and a data tier.
另一种替代方法可能是对资源使用通用连接，并实现某种应用层安全性。
Another alternative might be to use generic connections for resources and implement certain application-level security.
从一个用户应用层的程序编写者的角度来看，这两者很难区分。
From the perspective of a userspace programmer, it is very difficult to tell the two apart.
Ethereal是一个专业的协议分析软件，它可以帮助调试应用层协议。
Ethereal is a professional protocol analyzer that can help debug application layer protocols.
在一个应用程序中仅有几个地方能够实现性能增益 -表示层、应用层和存储层。
There are only a few places to implement performance gains in an application – the presentation layer, the application layer, and the storage layer.
高级消息队列协议（AMQP1）是一个异步消息传递所使用的应用层协议规范。
The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP 1) is an application layer protocol specification for asynchronous messaging.
应用层的缓存在WebSphereCommerce部署中发挥着重要的作用。
Caching on the application tier plays a pivotal role in WebSphere Commerce deployments.
表示层保证由一个系统的应用层所发出的信息，另一个系统的应用层可以读懂。
The presentation layer ensures that the information that the application layer of one system sends out is readable by the application layer another system.
本文对蓝牙技术的安全结构作了描述，详细介绍了蓝牙链路层和应用层的安全机制。
This paper presents the bluetooth security architecture, expounding the security system of the link layer and application layer.
UDP允许主机管理阻塞，将这个方面推进到 FASP的应用层协议中（参见图3）。
UDP permits the host to manage congestion, pushing this aspect into the application layer protocol of FASP (see Figure 3).
系统层包括统一用户管理、统一资源管理和统一作业管理三部分，为应用层提供服务保障。
System layer includes single user management, single resource management and single job management system, and it can offer the service for application layer.
这层负责的任务对业务来说很有意义的，同时也必然对与其他系统的应用层交互很有意义。
The tasks this layer is responsible for are meaningful to the business or necessary for interaction with the application layers of other systems.
有时候需要另外一些与应用层有密切互动的组件团队来与特性团队更紧密地合作，以理解他们的需求。
Other component teams that have a closer interaction with the application layer may need to collaborate more closely with feature teams in order to understand their requirements.
从历史的角度而言，这导致了应用程序不得不在应用层内重新进行现有的数据库级别的授权和审核功能。
Historically, this has resulted in applications having to reinvent existing database level authorization and auditing functions inside the application layer.
云计算是由多种分层的要素组成，从最基本的物理层存储和服务器基础架构开始，以及应用层和网络层。
Cloud computing is made up of a variety of layered elements, starting at the most basic physical layer of storage and server infrastructure and working up through the application and network layers.
一个应用框架向应用层显示所有系统服务，包括窗口管理和位置管理，内容提供，电话和传感器。
An application framework that agnostically exposes system services to the application layer, including the window manager and location manager, content providers, telephony, and sensors.
一个应用框架向应用层显示所有系统服务，包括窗口管理和位置管理，内容提供，电话和传感器。
An application framework that agnostically exposes system services to the application layer, including the window manager and location manager, content providers, telephony, and sensors.
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