对引用类型集合的调优主要是调优获取策略。
Tuning the collection of reference types is mainly tuning fetch strategy.
引用类型的物质的使用严格的时候？
已知为引用类型的泛型类型参数。
区别值类型数据和引用类型数据。
引用类型：一个对象传递到多个类?。
两个数组的元素数据类型必须都是引用类型。
The data types of the elements of both arrays must be reference types.
其他人则提到，“价值”为引用类型传递指针。
As others have mentioned, the "value" that is passed for a reference type is a pointer.
数值类型的对象位于栈中，但是引用类型的对象位于堆中。
The object of a value type is in the stack, but the object of a reference type is in the heap.
在托管代码中，值类型和引用类型不允许重叠。
In managed code, value types and reference types are not permitted to overlap.
这意味着引用类型可能有空指针，但是数值类型不能有空值。
That means a reference type can have a null pointer, but a value type cannot have a null value.
引用类型具有连续布局或显式布局，因此导出为结构。
The reference type had sequential or explicit layout, and so was exported as a struct.
其他的特性还包括类不变量、非空引用类型和加强的静态分析功能。
Other features include class invariants, non-nullable reference types, and enhanced static analysis capabilities.
两个最常见的引用类型为EJB引用和指向JDBC数据源的资源引用。
Two of the most common reference types are EJB references and resource references that point to JDBC data sources.
数据类型可以是DB2内置数据类型、独特的类型或引用类型。
The data type can be a DB2 built-in data type, a distinct type or a reference type.
引用类型—与指针类型相同，只是引用类型不能为NULL。
Reference types - same as pointer types, except that a reference type cannot be NULL.
如果可能在声明类型的外部引用类型，则不要使用嵌套类型。
Do not use nested types if the type is likely to be referenced outside of the declaring type.
所以人们会问，你如何决定什么时候使用值类型，什么时候使用引用类型。
So people ask how you decide when to use value types and when to use reference types.
而值类型或引用类型是指编程元素将以何种方式存储在内存中。
A value type or reference type refers to how a programming element is stored in memory.
就像你知道的那样，值类型是分配在栈上的，而引用类型是分配在GC堆上的。
As you know value types are allocated on the stack unlike reference types which are allocated on the GC heap.
在不安全的上下文中，类型可以是指针类型以及值类型或引用类型。
In an unsafe context, a type may be a pointer type as well as a value type or a reference type.
我们会在“scala类型结构”章节讨论引用类型和值类型的区别。
We'll discuss the difference between reference and value types in the section called "the Scala type Hierarchy".
因为在编译时，编译器验证如果你可以调用一个基于引用类型的方法。
Because at compile time, the compiler validates if you can call a method based on the reference type.
声明和使用引用类型的数组与声明和使用任何数据类型的数组并无不同。
You declare and use an array of a reference type just as you would declare and use an array of any data type.
无论数据类型是数值类型还是引用类型，信息传递的一方都可能出现问题。
Whether a data type is a value type or a reference type, the communicating parties could also pose problems.
或者，引用类型变量可能不存放对任何对象的引用，这种情况称为空引用。
Or a reference type variable might not hold a reference to any object, in which case it is said to be a null reference or a reference to Nothing.
目的引用使用J2EE 1.4中引入的称为消息目的引用的新引用类型(图7)。
The destination USES a new reference type introduced in J2EE 1.4 called the message destination reference (Figure 7).
我们可能不知道t类型代表什么，但我们知道null字母对任何引用类型而言是一个空值。
We may not know what type t represents, but we know that the null literal is a valid value for any reference type.
这里，使用枚举可能值得考虑，因为它可以消除对引用类型的需要，并且将值直接存储到类中。
It might be worth considering an enumeration here since it would remove the need for a reference type and store the value directly in the class.
两个函数都要求提供的模式文档声明或定义要测试的实例元素，以及代替组head元素或引用类型。
Both functions require that the provided schema documents declare or define the instance element to be tested and the substitution group head element or the referenced type.
两个函数都要求提供的模式文档声明或定义要测试的实例元素，以及代替组head元素或引用类型。
Both functions require that the provided schema documents declare or define the instance element to be tested and the substitution group head element or the referenced type.
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