这样想来，休闲就是艰苦的劳动，回到工作岗位上就成了一种得来不易的休息。
Leisure, thus conceived, is hard labour, and returning to work becomes a well-earned break from the ordeal.
合理的假设是，良好的劳动关系、良好的工作条件、良好的工资和福利以及工作保障等因素会激发工人的积极性。
It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers.
在21世纪，工作的性质已主要从体力劳动和制造业转移到以技术创新为基础的服务经济。
In the 21st century the nature of work has predominantly moved from being manual labour and manufacturing to service economy based upon technological innovation.
根据两项联邦法律，即《职业安全与健康法案》和《国家劳动关系法案》，工人有权拒绝某些不安全的工作任务。
Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act.
在没有工作的情况下，一个怀揣着其他宗旨的社会可能会在未来的劳动与休闲方面产生截然不同的情形。
In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
对许多高智商的职业女性来说，家庭代表承担家务的义务，因为丈夫只容忍她的工作，不参与家务劳动。
For too many highly intelligent working women, home represents chore obligations, because the husband only tolerates her work and does not participate in household chores.
据经济研究，在25岁至54岁的适龄男性劳动力中，有六分之一的人没有工作。
According to economic research, one in six working-age men, 25-54, doesn't have a job.
由于新兴市场只给少数人创造财富，工厂体系不得不通过将劳动分割成更小的、技术含量更低的工作来降低工人们的工资。
As the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
培养一批习惯在工厂工作的劳动力并不容易。
The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily.
太阳则必须滚过天际，他们想从在指定的地点工作和劳动中得到解脱。
The sun has to trundle across the sky, and they want relief from working and laboring at their assigned stations.
Z 世代即将走上街头，进入劳动力市场寻找工作，但现在的劳动力市场比几十年前要狭小多了。
Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades.
正如学者西尔维娅·费德里奇在1975年指出的那样，家务劳动的无偿性强化了“家务劳动不是工作，因此阻止了妇女与之抗争”的假设。
As the scholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975, the unpaid nature of domestic work reinforces the assumption that "housework is not work, thus preventing women from struggling against it."
非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将很难做到收支平衡。
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
在月度失业数据中，每统计一个人，就会有另一个人因为找不到全职工作而从事兼职工作，或者在劳动力大军之外但想找工作。
For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.
在欧洲，生活在城市的人口比例总是小于在工厂里工作的劳动力比例。
In Europe, the proportion of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the workforce working in factories.
工作是有的，但是劳动者还没有准备好——他们要么出现在错误的地方，要么技能不对口。
There's work to be done, but workers aren't ready to do it—they're in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills.
许多贫穷妇女的工作结构——往往是雇主家中的劳动力——使她们难以组织起来改善总体经济状况。
The structure of many poor women's work—often a labor force of one in an employer's home—makes it difficult for them to organize to improve their economic conditions in general.
这就导致了自相矛盾的结果，为保护普通劳动者的工作而出台的法律可能会使这些岗位面临风险。
Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.
首先，在过去的几年里，越来越多的女性进入了劳动力市场，而且越来越多的女性计划继续工作到退休年龄。
First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age.
从那以后，大约有530万个工作岗位消失了，相当于制造业劳动力的三分之一。
Since then, some 5.3 million jobs, or one-third of the workforce in manufacturing, have been lost.
20世纪50年代，人工智能的先驱们预测，到本世纪末，计算机将在工作中与我们对话，机器人将完成我们的家务劳动。
In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework.
这一事实伴随着警告，很快我们将没有劳动力来填补许多工作岗位，这些工作需要受过适当教育的人员。
Coupled with this fact is the warning that soon we will no longer have a work force to fill the many jobs that require properly educated personnel.
在发达国家，千禧一代即将占据市场上一半的劳动力，他们从幼儿园时起就开始分组工作了。
The "millennials" who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
越来越多的美国人选择退休后继续工作，这一增长趋势可能会颠覆旧有的劳动力模式。
More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.
所有工作都有同等价值，所以我们不能歧视体力劳动者。
All work is of equal value, so we can't look down upon those manual workers.
现在，美国是一个相信工作会带来回报、劳动人民能够养家这一珍贵神话的国家。
America is a country that now sits atop the cherished myth that work provides rewards, that working people can support their families.
问题是，家务劳动作为工作，经常被忽视，尽管它往往与任何有偿工作一样辛苦（或在某些情况下，更辛苦）。
The problem is, housework is often overlooked as work, even though it is often as laborious (or in some cases, more so) as any paid job.
劳动力市场发生巨变，使得团队管理工作变得更加困难。
Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage.
一个有工作的人口可能会被吸引到别处去，这种说法也许令人吃惊，但一个解释在于当时在南方盛行的劳动条件。
It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
铁路建设方面的就业机会也吸引了许多习惯于季节性和临时性工作的农村劳动力。
The availability of jobs in railway construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment.
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