其后的学写字只是表达或记录我们所说或希望说的东西的另一种方式而已，并不是最初语言理解其本身。
The later study of writing is just another way to express or record what we speak or hope to express, but not the primitive language understanding itself.
另一种研究则是语言学研究，关注的是会议的语言特点，关系管理，会议互动和类型分析等。
The other one is linguistic studies, which ranges from the language features, the relational management to the interactive processes and generic analysis of meetings.
传统语言学将隐喻仅仅看作语言修饰的手段，现代隐喻研究则认为隐喻本质上是通过一种事物来理解和体验另一种事物的手段。
Traditional linguistics treats metaphor as an instrument of verbal embellishment whereas the modern studies of metaphor deem it as a means to understand and experience one thing through another.
比如儿童可能首先从保姆或长辈那儿学另一种语，后来才学会他们认为是自己本族语的语言。
Children may, for instance, first acquire some lnowledge of another lan-guage from a nurse or an older relative and only later on acquire a second one which they consider their native language.
传统的翻译学把翻译仅仅看作是从一种文字到另一种文字的纯语言转换，而没有考虑到文本之外的因素。
Translation has traditionally been regarded as a matter of linguistic transfer, dismissing extralinguistic factors out of its field.
传统的翻译学把翻译仅仅看作是从一种文字到另一种文字的纯语言转换，而没有考虑到文本之外的因素。
Translation has traditionally been regarded as a matter of linguistic transfer, dismissing extralinguistic factors out of its field.
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