这种基因对合成生物学有几大优势。
Such a genome would have several advantages for synthetic biologists.
他们周六公布已经发现细菌中的基因对8种抗生素产生抗药性。
They announced on Saturday that they have found genes in the bacteria that gave it resistance to eight classes of antibiotics.
对猪的合理的预防接种可以阻止基因对人类的突变吗？
Could proper vaccination of pigs have prevented the mutation to humans?
我们演示了大脑某个部位上一个基因对身体新陈代谢造成的深远影响。
We showed that the actions of single gene in just one part of the brain can have profound effects on the metabolism of the whole body.
新发现的基因对科学家们就老年人患上老年痴呆症的病因理论发起了挑战。
The newly discovered genes have challenged scientists' thinking on how Alzheimer's disease develops in older people.
他们的结论是：在注册选民当中，基因对投票积极性的影响大约为60%。
Their conclusion: among registered voters, genetic factors explain about 60 percent of the difference between those who vote and those who do not.
研究人员进行了双盲的比对实验，结果表明基因对多动的影响比吃糖大多了。
Researchers conducted double-blind studies with children and determined that genetics have a much greater influence on hyperactive dispositions than a sweet-tooth diet.
你的目标是找出在所有酵母菌基因体中位置都相近的酵母菌基因对。
Your goal is to identify pairs of yeast genes that are proximal to each other in all yeast genomes.
研究者认为上述基因对咖啡因摄入的影响很小，与以往研究相比，产生的偏差小于1%。
The authors acknowledge that the influenceof these genes on caffeine intake is small, accounting for less than 1% of thevariation in coffee consumption in the reviewed studies.
其次，我们必须查明细胞中是否有一定数量的基因对至少部分麻烦总是负有责任。
Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble.
但在皮肤癌的问题上，研究人员称他们的发现与之前的研究一样，认为环境和基因对患皮肤癌风险均有影响。
But when it comes to skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that both environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.
基因对更年期也有影响，而且有两个研究小组发现了数个基因变异体可能导致更年期提前或者推迟能多达两年。
Genes also play a role in menopause, and two research teams have identified several gene variants associated with advancing or delaying menopause by as much as two years.
根据去年公布的一项研究，这个宽泛的估计值可能会升高，因为随着年龄的增长，基因对智力的作用会越来越大。
This wide range of estimates might have arisen because genes contribute more to IQ as we get older, according to a study published last year.
这意味着研究者不但可以定性定量地分析肠道菌种，也可以这些菌种是通过那些基因对不同的环境条件进行应答的。
That means researchers could determine not only which species of bacteria were present and in what proportions, but also which genes these bugs were actively using in different conditions.
由于现在我们知道了基因对疾病的重要影响，就连最乐观的健康主张都一定要接受，不可能有绝对的零风险的健康。
Given that we now know the important influence of the genome in disease, even the most optimistic health advocate surely has to accept the impossibility of risk-free wellbeing.
研究人员然后检测缺失一些这样与社交相关的基因的突变果蝇的行为，研究结果证实了这些特殊的基因对果蝇的行为十分重要。
Researchers then tested mutant flies that are missing some of these socially responsive genes and confirmed that these particular genes are important for behavior.
美国科学家的一项最新研究显示，使鲨鱼具有第六感并让它们能够检测电流信号的基因对人类头部和面部特征的发育也起著重要作用。
The same genes that give sharks their sixth sense and allow them to detect electrical signals are also responsible for the development of head and facial features in humans, a new study suggests.
尽管研究人员发现基因会影响智力，但他们仍然强调目前仍无法指出哪一基因对于智力水平来说比较重要，也不清楚某一基因对智力的影响力有多大。
Although the researchers found that genetic variations can affect intelligence, they cautioned they do not yet know which genes are important, or how much each contributes.
研究小组也继续致力于研究基因对varenicline的反应，varenicline是另一种流行的戒烟药物，它阻止尼古丁在大脑中的邦定和接收。
The group is also studying the genes involved in response to varenicline (Chantix), another popular smoking-cessation drug that works by blocking nicotine from binding to receptors in the brain.
基因对端粒酶水平是起了一定作用，但这个实验所观察的并非基因的问题，这完全是身体以外的因素对身体带来的影响，其影响的结果就是端粒的自我修复水平。
Genes play a role in telomerase levels, but this was not genes. This was something impacting the body that came from the outside and affecting its ability to repair itself.
他们从萤火虫和海洋荧光细菌中提取基因，并对它们进行了修改，可以很容易地添加到其他生物体中，使它们发光。
They took genes from fireflies and bioluminescent marine bacteria and modified them that can be easily added to other organisms to make them glow.
随着科学家们对我们的基因进行更深入的研究，他们在过去的几千年里就发现了人类进化的例子。
As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
通过对DNA 及蛋白质中的基因物质进行分析，研究人员可以专注于有毒基因，并利用它们得到蛇毒的进化轨迹，这样也就知道了蛇的进化源。
By analyzing the DNA, the genetic material of the proteins, the researchers could focus on the toxic genes and use them to trace the evolution of snake venom, and from this, the evolution of snakes.
在研究玉米的基因构成时，芭芭拉·麦克林托克发现了一种新的突变基因，这一发现使人们对细胞分化有了更深入的了解。
While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to greater understanding of cell differentiation.
去年，一个联邦特别工作组敦促对基因检测相关的专利进行改革。
Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.
基因选择是对他人施加影响的一种方式，正如作家威尔斯所说的“人类命运的终极集体控制”。
Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, "the ultimate collective control of human destinies," as writer Wells put it.
好奇涵盖了如此多的行为，以至于可能不存在任何一种单一的“好奇心基因”能让人类对自己的环境感到好奇和探索。
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn't any single "curiosity gene" that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.
对神经系统错综复杂的组织结构发现得越多，基因能够成功地指定该系统的发展似乎就越值得注意。
The more that is discovered about the intricate organization of the nervous system, the more it seems remarkable that genes can successfully specify the development of that system.
由于害虫有巨大的繁殖潜力和基因多样性，许多害虫被认为能够抵抗合成化学物质，而且生育的后代对杀虫剂具有内在的抵抗力。
Because of their tremendous breeding potential and genetic diversity, many pests are known to withstand synthetic chemicals and bear offspring with a built-in resistance to pesticides.
由于害虫有巨大的繁殖潜力和基因多样性，许多害虫被认为能够抵抗合成化学物质，而且生育的后代对杀虫剂具有内在的抵抗力。
Because of their tremendous breeding potential and genetic diversity, many pests are known to withstand synthetic chemicals and bear offspring with a built-in resistance to pesticides.
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