这个想法是由化学中的化学键理论想到的。在这个理论里，人们通常认为原子中形成满壳层的电子对化学键完全没有贡献。
The idea was suggested by the chemical theory of valency in which one is used to the idea of electrons in an atom forming closed shells which do not contribute at all to the valency.
遗憾的是，一秒钟的标准定义依赖于原子在绝对零度的条件，而实际的时钟需要在室温下运行，室温条件下电子壳层膨胀了。
Unfortunately, the standard definition of a second relies on what the atom does at a temperature of absolute zero. Real clocks need to run at room temperature, where the shell of electrons puffs up.
含有铁、钯、铂和稀土元素的化合物呈现强顺磁性，因为这些元素的原子有不完全的内电子壳层。
Compounds containing iron, palladium, platinum, and the rare-earth elements exhibit strong paramagnetism because they have atoms with some incomplete inner electron shells.
介绍了利用电子轰击核靶原子K壳层电离截面的一种计算方法。
This article is related to a calculating method of atomic ionization cross section on K - shell when bombarding a nuclear target with electron.
低能电子碰撞原子内壳层电离截面测量的研究在理论和实际应用方面都具有重要意义。
The study of atomic inner-shell ionization cross-sections by low-energy electron impact is significant in both theoretical researches and practical applications.
本文将闭壳层体系的近似关系式，应用于计算原子开壳层体系非相对论的总电子能量。
An approximate relationship is applied to calculate nonrelativistic total electronic energies of atomic open shell systems.
当我们向下走时，我们会将电子加在越来越远的壳层上，因此我们将看到原子半径，将随我们沿周期表向下走而增大。
So as we go down we're now adding electrons to further and further away shells, so what we're going to see is that the atomic radius is going to increase as we're going down the periodic table.
路易斯结构规则的第三步是，找出让分子中每个原子的价壳层，都排满应该需要多少个价电子。
Step three in our Lewis structure rules is to figure out how many electrons we would need in order for every single atom in our molecule to have a full valence shell.
由于稀有气体晶体原子保持了核外满壳层的电子结构，与其他晶体材料相比，原子间的相互作用非常简单。
The interaction between atoms in it are very simple contrasted with the other crystals, due to the full shell structure of the electron maintained by the atoms in rare gas crystal.
原子的基态是原子能量的最低状态，这对于研究原子的电子壳层结构具有重要的意义，本文给出了确定原子基态的一种方法。
Atomic ground state is the minimum state of atomic energy, which is significance to the study of electric shell structure of atom.
原子的基态是原子能量的最低状态，这对于研究原子的电子壳层结构具有重要的意义，本文给出了确定原子基态的一种方法。
Atomic ground state is the minimum state of atomic energy, which is significance to the study of electric shell structure of atom.
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