如今，她们正试图弄清楚哪些分子信号转导过程激活了复苏植物的种子发育基因，以及如何将其复制到农作物上。
Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops.
对控制多趾的相关基因及其分子机制进行研究，有利于我们深入了解多指（趾）畸形的形成机制，揭示肢体发育的过程和机理。
Study the genes of polydactyly and molecular mechanism can help us to know how limbs form and reveal the producing process of limbs.
在这一情况下，编码一种受体分子基因的内部发生了变异——当这一受体发出信号时，尼古丁就与之结合。
In this case, the variation happens inside a gene for one of the receptor molecules that nicotine attaches itself to when it produces its buzz.
每一个DNA分子中的基因都带着命令制造出一种独一无二的蛋白质。
Each gene in a DNA molecule carries the instructions for making a single kind of protein.
下一步研究包括证实这些发现以及在这些患者中进行分子遗传学研究来识别两种疾病共用的基因。
Next research steps include confirmation of these findings and conducting molecular genetic studies in these patients to identify the genes common to both disorders.
虽然这个发现的一些方面与已知的行为学和生理学工作相悖，分子基因技术的应用是了解颊窝如何工作的进步。
Although aspects of the findings contradict known behavioural and physiological work, the use of molecular genetic techniques is a new step in understanding how the facial pits work.
接着，他们用另外的工程删除在肺部接收胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素的感受器分子的基因。
Then they used additional engineering to delete the gene for the receptor molecule which picks up TSLP in the lungs.
可能是修复氧化了的基因材料的细胞工具，或者是中和自由基的分子——由机体自身产生或通过饮食摄入。
These can be cellular tools that repair oxidised genetic material, or molecules that are either manufactured by the body itself or consumed through the diet, which neutralise free radicals.
包括来自于“底层”的物理和化学因素，也就是分子间的作用，影响了上层的基因、染色体、细胞、组织和生物体。
They include constraints imposed "from below" by physics and chemistry, that is, from molecular interactions upwards, through genes, chromosomes, cells, tissues and organisms.
科学家们开始让基因工程小鼠的衰老细胞中有一个特定的分子。
The scientists started by genetically engineering mice to have a specific molecule in their senescent cells.
使用人造生物学工具，可能DNA和蛋白质都可以丢弃了——RNA自身可以充当基因分子和催化剂两个角色。
Using the tools of synthetic biology, perhaps DNA and proteins can be discarded - RNA itself can act both as a genetic molecule and as a catalyst.
这种分子携带着基因上的指令，告诉细胞合成那类蛋白质。
This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make.
哈佛大学的德里克·罗斯进行了相似的研究，他使用合成核糖核酸信使分子模仿病变基因的活动。
Derrick Rossi of Harvard University has performed a similar trick using synthetic RNA messenger molecules to mimic the activity of the genes in question.
当调控分子与这个开关dna结合时，相邻的基因便开始表达或终止表达。
When regulatory molecules bind to this switch DNA, the contiguous gene is either expressed or prevented from being expressed.
它们从15只婆罗洲巽他云豹和16只苏门答腊巽他云豹身上采样，做分子基因研究，以揭示它们的起源。
They sampled 15 Sunda clouded leopards living on Borneo and 16 living in Sumatra, conducting molecular and genetic studies to reveal their origin.
一个基因要起作用，必须通过信使分子将信息转录给细胞。
For a gene to do its work, it has to be transcribed into a molecular messenger.
当今现代生物技术时代之所以成为可能，是因为使用了分子技术在细胞间相互“切贴”基因。
The current era of modern biotechnology was made possible by the use of molecular techniques to "cut and paste" genes from one cell to another.
它还控制基因保护细胞不受高活性氧自由基这种被认为通过其在DNA上造成的累积损害导致人衰老的分子的侵害。
It also controls genes that protect cells from highly reactive oxygen radicals - molecules often thought to drive human ageing through the cumulative damage they wreak on DNA.
精神分裂症的分子遗传学院会(MGS)精确确定了精神分裂症和6号染色体区域上的基因间的联系，它介导基因表达，比如组蛋白。
The Molecular Genetics of schizophrenia (MGS) consortium pinpointed an association between schizophrenia and genes in the chromosome-6 region that mediate gene expression, such as histones.
在这个解剖台上，研究人员还会附上基因的活动信息——一个细胞将基因翻译成RNA(脱氧核糖核酸已经经常会伴随有的蛋白质分子的过程)。
On this anatomical scaffold researchers will overlay information about gene activity-the genes a cell translates into RNA transcripts and then often protein molecules.
所以，DNA分子中基因的工作就是告诉细胞制造为了身体正常运转所需的不同的的化学物(蛋白质)。
The job of genes in a DNA molecule, therefore, is to tell cells how to manufacture all the different chemical compounds (proteins) they need to make in order to function properly.
小队通过基因技术用其他细胞产生这种分子，也可以达到同样的效果。
The team also used genetic techniques to produce the molecule in another type of cell and showed that version had the same effect.
携带基因的DNA线型分子构成染色体，染色体端粒位于染色体末端。
The thread-like DNA molecules that carry genes are packed into chromosomes, the telomeres being the caps on their ends.
(也称基因工程、分子生物学技术或克隆)纯化、处理和使用遗传材料的技术总和。
(Also known as genetic engineering, molecular biology technology or cloning.) the collection of techniques that allow the purification, manipulation and use of genetic material.
另一种完全不同的方法是RNA干扰。它采用相对较新技术通过转录小rna分子来关闭各别基因。
A completely different approach is to use RNA interference, a relatively new technique for switching off individual genes by delivering short stretches of RNA.
科学家成功分离出这种小小的酶分子，基因学上称之为局部粘着激酶。
The scientists successfully identified the small enzyme molecule responsible, a gene called focal adhesion kinase.
这两种基因产生与上述受体结合的大量蛋白质，压制和削弱有功能肌肉生长抑制素分子的作用。
These churn out proteins which bind to the receptors, swamping and diluting the effect of functional myostatin molecules.
每一个细分后的分子都是一种基因。
Each of these subunits is a gene. Another way to represent a DNA molecule, then, is as follows.
通过这个在线网站，研究者可以观看到一些复杂的分子结构图，其中活跃的基因导致了人脑表面褶皱的形成。
Through this web portal, researchers can enter an intricate molecular landscape in which the active genes dot each hill and valley of the human brain.
通过这个在线网站，研究者可以观看到一些复杂的分子结构图，其中活跃的基因导致了人脑表面褶皱的形成。
Through this web portal, researchers can enter an intricate molecular landscape in which the active genes dot each hill and valley of the human brain.
应用推荐