经过多次谈判后，欧盟主导的爱尔兰一揽子援救方案没有造成债权人损失。
After a lot of talk, Ireland's bail-out package, led by the European Union, did not impose losses on creditors.
监督人因为故意或者重大过失造成债务人或者债权人损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。
The supervisor shall be liable for compensation where damage is caused to the debtor or the creditor due to its purposeful act or material negligence.
为什么存款保险人之外的债权人等就不该承担更多的损失？
Why should not more of the losses fall on creditors, other than the insured depositors?
有序违约相当于债务重组，也就是债权人接受部分损失，同时债务人同意偿还大部分债务。
An orderly default is equivalent to restructuring debt — whereby creditors accept a loss while debtors agree to pay most of its debts.
真正急需的办法是将损失转嫁给债权人的同时又不会引发危及整个系统的挤兑。
What is needed is a way of pushing losses onto creditors without sparking a run that endangers the whole system.
他也知道，作为注册地点在特拉华州的公司的CEO，依据法律，在公司破产时必须首先考虑债权人的利益而不是公司股东的损失。
He also knew that as the CEO of a company incorporated in Delaware, he was obliged by law to consider the interests of creditors over shareholders if his company faced insolvency.
这就是为什么对不良银行的解决方案如此重要的原因，损失应该由债权人承担，而非纳税人。
This is why “resolution schemes” for bad banks, that put losses onto creditors not taxpayers, are so important.
为什么这些债权人就不该承担损失呢？
在有些情况下，它们还对股东进行了处罚，以保护债权人。让华盛顿互助银行无担保债务的持有人承担损失。
In some cases it penalised shareholders and protected creditors; at Washington Mutual, holders of unsecured debt were made to bear losses.
一些政客失去耐心，要求债权人与纳税人一起承担损失。
Some politicians are losing patience and want creditors to suffer alongside taxpayers.
该法案还规定，如果银行破产，债权人必须得接受近10%的资产损失。
The bill also says creditors must take a "haircut" of up to 10% if a bank fails.
维克斯的回答是，在纳税人被迫参与营救前，让正在走下坡路的机构持有丰厚的纾困债券，以应对私有债权人的损失。
The Vickers answer is to get Banks also to hold thick layers of "bail-in" debt that will impose losses on private creditors of a failing institution before taxpayers are called into action.
为了应对潜在的损失，这些金融机构必须持有数量相对庞大的资本金。同时为了满足债权人可能的还款要求，此类机构也必须同时持有数量较多的现金。
Such institutions would be required to hold relatively large amounts of capital to cover possible losses, relatively large amounts of cash to cover possible demands from creditors, and so on.
债权人收回房产，将它以100卖出，并记录损失50。
The creditor repossesses the property, sells it for 100, and books loss of 50.
2008年的问题是：雷曼兄弟的债权人未能监测到投资银行所冒风险，所遭受的损失为什么要美国纳税人对他们进行补偿？
In 2008 the question was: why should American taxpayers protect Lehman creditors from the consequences of their own failure to monitor risks taken by the investment bank?
就哪些债权人以及他们何时会承担损失而言，奥巴马的计划相当模糊。
The Obama plan is vague about which creditors would take losses, and when.
不过母行在分支所在国发生违约的状况下仍有相当机会可以避免承受全部损失，而可将其一部分推给当地债权人承担。
But in a default scenario there is a real chance that parent companies might avoid taking the full hit, pushing part of it instead onto local creditors.
但明确以破产相挟或许会吓住债权人，令他们同意协商，从而避免更大的损失。
But a credible threat of bankruptcy could scare creditors into negotiation, to avoid bigger losses.
但是由于真实价值贬值了50%，所以，债权人因通胀损失了75。
But, its real value declines by 50%. The creditor loses 75 in real terms in the inflation scenario.
因此，迫使债权人遭受损失的话，将会导致外围国家的公共部门债务危机蔓延到核心国家的金融行业。
So, forcing the creditors to take a hit will transfer the crisis from the public sector of the peripheral countries to the financial sectors of the core ones.
美国也在酝酿新法规，损失将被分摊到所有债权人（但不包括储户）头上。
The new rules in America envisage imposing losses on all creditors (but not depositors).
更多的资金缓冲会有助于通过抵消债权人对于损失过多的担忧来降低举债成本。
And a bigger equity cushion should help to reduce the cost of debt by counteracting fears that debtholders are too exposed to losses.
但是，仍然有人担忧，如果在危机中所有债权人都要面临损失风险，那么他们就会挤兑，创造出一个自我实现的预言。
Yet the worry remains that if all creditors face the risk of loss in a crisis, they will start a run, creating a self-fulfilling prophesy.
需要做的是在银行破产时，明确划分哪些是需要承担损失的债权人，而那些需要被保护的。
What is needed is a clearer line between creditors who would bear loss when a bank fails and those who would be protected.
虽然在银行变得更加稳定之前，仍将对其债务征税，促使其进一步降低债务，但仍有提议要求银行的债权人共同承担损失。
There are proposals to push losses onto their creditors, although until these look sturdier Banks should continue to be charged a levy on their debts and prodded to reduce them further.
真正的难题在于寻求一种方式让银行的持有人和债权人承担损失，而不是让纳税人买单。
The real task is finding a way to impose losses on Banks' owners and creditors rather than making calls on taxpayers.
真正的难题在于寻求一种方式让银行的持有人和债权人承担损失，而不是让纳税人买单。
The real task is finding a way to impose losses on Banks' owners and creditors rather than making calls on taxpayers.
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