在计算器上看到的上述几个组成部分，构成了“什么是计算机”这一论述的基本部分。
The above component sections, seen in a calculator, form the basic for the discussion, "what is a computer".
随着计算机征服了曾经是深入人心的人类任务，作为人类在未来将意味着什么？
With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human?
在本章中主要关注的是程序设计解决什么样的问题，以及它与计算机科学这一庞大的领域有何联系。
In this chapter, you have focused on what the programming process involves and how it relates to the larger domain of computer science.
我们现今已经如果没有计算机模拟便不能制造出汽车、飞机甚至是玩具，那么为什么生物化学就不可以呢？
"We can't build cars and airplanes or even toys these days without computer modeling and simulation," he said. "So why not biochemistry?"
这些开发直指“云-端(cloud client)”类型的设备(相关阅读：什么是云计算机)。
These developments seem to point to a device that could be broadly called a “cloud client.” (Related: What makes a Cloud Computer.)
我认为未来不会对人类写字的功能上会有什么大的需求，即：无论他们是在计算机或iPhone键盘上敲入。
I don't think there's ever been a greater need for people to be able to write at a functional level, whether they're tapping on their computer keyboard or on their iPhone.
计算机使人类能力上的巨大飞跃成为可能；它打破了束缚实践智能和理论智能的藩篱。 但是计算机是使人类更容易还是更难以理解自己究竟是什么，是否有助于识别真正的问题，有助于对美作出更全面的反应，对生活作出更充分的评价？
The computer makes possible a marvellous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence.
人们，总会这样趋向——写运行效率低的程序，没什么问题，因为在今天，我们的计算机系统运行速度是很快的，所以，你看不到什么影响的。
People tend to claim that it is OK to write inefficient software, stating that computer systems are so fast these days, that you won't see the impact.
问题是，往后不再需要什么核试验了，就是那些业已证明的、令试验者大伤脑筋的难题，超级计算机也能解决。
But no further nuclear tests have been needed. That is because supercomputers can figure out problems even with proven designs that had testers puzzled.
它从前是一项严肃、重要的计算机科学——和大机器啊显著项目啊博士啊什么的相挂钩。
It used to be a serious, important, computer-science affair - big machines, significant tasks, PhDs.
最后，要知道计算机并非是万能的；你关掉电源它就什么都做不了。
Finally, it's useful to have a sense of the absolute limits of what computers can do; it turns out that there are just some things that are not possible for a computer to do.
克雷格·雷诺兹(Craig Reynolds)是一位计算机图形研究员，他非常好奇这些都是些什么法则。
Craig Reynolds, a computer graphics researcher, was curious about what these rules might be.
预先告诉他们使用计算机随时都受到监视，并且提供明确具体的说明什么是可以接受的网站和电子邮件系统的使用方法。
Tell employees up front that their computer use may be monitored at any time and provide clear and specific guidelines as to what constitutes acceptable use of company email systems and the Web.
即使Deolalikar的证明被认为是可信的，但问题依然存在——这样的证明结果将会给相关的计算机领域造成什么样的冲击呢？
Even if Deolalikar's proof were found to be sound, then the question remains — what impact would such a proof have on relevant areas of computing?
这也是为什么今天我们熟知的演示之母（“MotherofAll Demos ”）可能是所有计算机科学中最重大纪念日的原因。
That’s why the “Mother of All Demos, ” as it’s known today, is probably the most important anniversary in all of computer science.
你会想到为什么离开计算机就不能获得杂志或期刊文章呢？当然，有时是可以得到的。
Ever wonder why you can't just get magazine and journal articles off the computer? Well, sometimes you can!
不再是计算机技术局限于任何一个国家的贡献：在欧洲来说，没什么比这个更真实。
No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country: nowhere is this more true than in Europe.
什么是MPC ？ MPC是指“多媒体个人计算机”。
信息、计算机与生物基因等应用学科，是目前最流行的研究领域，但是与其一味盲从投入，不如问问自己到底要什么。
Information, computer applications such as bio-genetic disciplines, is the most popular field of study, but blindly follow blindly with their input, it is better to ask yourself what in the end.
传统上，我们指引计算机该干什么，而机器学习是，我们给计算机喂一堆数据，告诉他要解决什么问题，让计算机自己去搞定。
The general idea is that instead of instructing a computer what do do, we are going to simply throw data at the problem and tell the computer to figure it out for itself.
在学术界，关于学科的讨论，关键一直是软件工程与计算机科学究竟是什么关系的问题。
In academic discussions of the disciplines the key issue for software engineering has been the relationship of software engineering to computer science.
这惊鸿一瞥很让人兴奋，看了这些知识让我们知道了计算机是如何建立起来的，为什么那么贵。
It was so exciting to get a little glimpse and beginning to figure out how computers were built, and why they were expensive.
“你以前是做什么的？”她问道，“我是学计算机科学的，”我答道。
What did you do before? "she asked." I was a student of computer science, "I made answer."
当医生知道什么是正常心音图形的时候，就可以将患者心音与正常心音相比较，并在计算机屏幕上或者打印件上很容易地看出异常。
When doctors know what healthy waves look like, they can compare their patients' heart sounds to the healthy waves and easily see aberrations by simply looking at a computer screen or printout.
本节说明为什么计算机是一个系统以及计算机系统是如何组成的。
This section explains why a computer is a system and how a computer system is organized.
这很自然，因为计算机屏幕是他们一直盯着，并且能够看到计算机在做什么的地方。
This is only natural because the screen is what they stare at all the time and is the place where they see what the computer is doing.
另一种方法是使程序进入你的计算机，运转他们，看见他们做什么，或许努力改变这或者在看见什么影响你的变化有的计画内。
Another approach is to get the programs into your computer, run them, see what they do, and perhaps try to alter this or that in the program to see what effect your changes have.
另一种方法是使程序进入你的计算机，运转他们，看见他们做什么，或许努力改变这或者在看见什么影响你的变化有的计画内。
Another approach is to get the programs into your computer, run them, see what they do, and perhaps try to alter this or that in the program to see what effect your changes have.
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