什么是管理成本？
什么是管理成本？每个系统都需要一个管理员。
What are the administration costs?. Every system requires an administrator.
我想和大家分享一下我的一个总结，可以省去大家在商学院三年的学习，以了解什么是管理。
But let me share with you my 14-word summary, save you three years of business school of what is management.
什么是特许人的商业背景是什么？有多久了特许经营了，什么是管理团队的经验？有没有破产的历史？
What is the franchisor's business background? How long has the franchisor been in business, what is the experience of the management team? Is there any history of bankruptcy?
美国联邦调查局和美国运输安全管理局都没有确认爆炸物是什么，不过一位机场发言人表示，这些物品是“军用级别的包装”，而且它们在警方手中。
Neither the FBI nor the TSA identified the explosives, though an airport spokeswoman said the items were "wrapped in military grade wrapping" and are in the possession of the police.
生物多样性和土壤多样性之间是有联系的，土壤和动植物之间的关系也非常明显，这就是为什么要在森林管理中考虑土壤多样性。
There's a link between biodiversity and pedodiversity, an obvious relationship between soils and flora and fauna, which is why pedodiversity really should be considered in forest management.
那么，让我们返回到我们在本章开始时提出的这些问题：什么是规划管理？
So, let's return to the questions we posed at the start of this section: What is program management?
什么是门户管理？
项目组合管理是一个为了设立谁开展了什么工作而需要具体的组织实体和个人角色的定义和实现的规程。
Portfolio management is a discipline which requires the definition and implementation of specific organizational entities and individual roles in order to establish who carries on what work effort.
当创作和管理内容时，我们很容易忘记什么是自己想要的，甚至更糟的是满足于眼前的成果。
When it comes to creating and governing content, it's easy to forget what we want, or even worse, to settle for less.
在您的组织、IT基础设施和度量管理团队声明的性能目标中，什么是能力？
What are the capabilities within your organization, in your it infrastructure and in measuring the performance goals stated by your management team?
治理规划需要制定什么决策，而管理是制定和实施决策的过程。
Governance plans for what decisions will need to be made, whereas management is the process of making and implementing the decisions.
什么是部署项目、管理更改、提供支持和维护门户项目的流程？
What are the processes in place to deploy projects, to manage change, to provide support and maintenance to your portal project?
石川馨，什么是全面质量管理？
Ishikawa, k., "What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way", Prentice Hall, 1985.
参见我的网络文章什么是项目组合管理PPM及为什么项目经理需要关心它？
(See my online article What's Project Portfolio Management (PPM) and Why Should Project Managers Care About It?)
那么，什么是配置管理和变更管理呢？您又如何利用它们支持您的测试工作？
So, what's configuration and change management, and how can you leverage it to support your testing effort?
最终，这些组织中的管理人员的职责是更好地了解MDD实际上是什么，它可以为他们做什么，以及如何正确地进行。
Ultimately, it is the responsibility of managers within these organizations to better understand what MDD actually is, what it can do for them, and how to do it correctly.
成功地管理任何系统的关键之一，是要知道系统中正在发生什么事。
One of the keys to success in managing any system is to know what is happening on the system.
成功地管理任何系统的关键之一,是要知道系统中正在发生什么事。
One of the keys to success in managing any system is to know what is happening on the system.
为了给你的组织建立有效的变更管理基础，最好的开始方式是认清什么功能对你的组织是最重要的。
To build an effective change management infrastructure for your organization, it is best to start by determining what functionality is most critical to your organization.
下学期有问题，不管是会计审计还是什么财务成本管理的，全都要去问她，她就像一部会计的百科全书，全通的。
Next semester, I will often ask her questions regardless of accounting, auditing or financial cost management. She is like a cyclopedia who knows everything about accounting.
对于特定的技术或者是代码，如果是别的人来经营管理会发生什么事呢？
For a given piece of technology or code, what would happen if somebody else were managing it?
官员经常说最聪明的人总是到钱最多的地方去了——去了银行，换句话说并不是代理人在管理他们。老是说这些是没有什么帮助的。
It does not help that officials are repeatedly told that the smartest people go where the money is-into the Banks, in other words, not the agencies that regulate them.
这就是为什么图书馆管理者的角色是任何技术项目中最重要的角色。
That's why your role, as library administrator, is the single most important role in any technology implementation.
取得风险管理的权力是为什么像UBS这样的银行更愿意在这些地区的运营拥有完全的控制权的原因。
Getting the risk management right is one of the reasons why Banks like UBS prefer to have full control of operations in the region.
我听说过这个网站，但不熟悉具体是做什么事情的，怎么会和财富管理搭上边儿。
I heard of it, but wasn't familiar with what it was or how it fit with money management.
大家都认为流程或者管理工具没有什么价值，除非是针对地域上分散的团队。
None of the process or management tools were deemed of value except, maybe, in the case of geographically distributed teams.
通过本文，您应该很好地理解了什么是ORM、如何管理验证和表关系以及如何用自己选择的数据库替换hsqldb。
You should now have a good idea of what an ORM is, how to manage validation and table relationships, and how to swap out HSQLDB for the database of your choice.
通过本文，您应该很好地理解了什么是ORM、如何管理验证和表关系以及如何用自己选择的数据库替换hsqldb。
You should now have a good idea of what an ORM is, how to manage validation and table relationships, and how to swap out HSQLDB for the database of your choice.
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