proving that they are indeed type Ia;
其次，证明发现的确实是Ia型超新星；
Astronomers know that each Type Ia explosion has about the same brightness.
天文学家知道每种类型的Ia超新星的爆炸亮度相差无几。
By the late 1980s, a suitable standard candle had been indentified: type Ia supernovae.
到上世纪八十年代末，一个合适的标准烛光出现了，它就是Ia型超新星。
Type Ia supernovae are so luminous that they outshine their host galaxies for several weeks.
Ia型超新星如此之亮，以至于在几个星期内它的寄主星系的光芒也相形见绌。
But if you could monitor the whole night sky, you'd see a type Ia supernova every few seconds.
但是如果我们监测全天，那么我们每几秒钟就可以看到一次Ia型超新星。
One particular sort, though, known as type Ia, always explode with about the same energy and are therefore equally bright.
一种是Ia型，这种类型的超新星爆炸所产生的能量是相同的，所以产生的亮度也相同。
Type Ia supernovae all explode with nearly the same amount of energy and therefore have almost the same intrinsic brightness.
Ia超新星爆发时辐射的能量几乎相等，因而具有几乎相同的本征亮度。
The observations also show for the first time that a white dwarf can create a cavity around it before blowing up in a Type Ia event.
观测结果还首次显示，白矮星在爆炸成为Ia型超新星之前，会在其周围创造一个空洞。
The chance of observing a type Ia supernova in any given galaxy is low. Only one or two are expected to pop off per galaxy per millennium.
在任一给定的星系中观测到Ia型超新星的机会是很小的，每个星系每千年预期只有一到两次。
The other six galaxies recently hosted Type ia supernovae that are reliable distance indicators for even farther measurements in the universe.
其他6个星系最近都爆发了Ia型超新星——测量遥远宇宙距离时更可靠的量天尺。
The other six galaxies recently hosted Type ia supernovae that are reliable distance indicators for even farther measurements in the universe.
其他6个星系最近都爆发了Ia型超新星——测量遥远宇宙距离时更可靠的量天尺。
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