According to Hume and others, real economic variables do not change with changes in the money supply.
按照休谟和其他人的看法，实际经济变量不会随着货币供给的改变而改变。
So the claim is that induction, no skeptical problem can be raised about induction in the way that Hume was thought to do.
这么一来关于归纳法的论断，以休谟的思考方式来看的话,并不会产生怀疑论问题。
Hume argued that in designing rules of governance, that it would be best to assume that all men are knaves.
休谟争论说，在制订统治的规则时，最好将所有人都假设为恶棍。
Hume discredits this argument by saying that sufficient opposition to the miracles is realizing the impossibility that such an event could occur in nature.
休谟怀疑这种说法，说什么充分反对这些奇迹的正在促使本来可能在自然界里发生的奇迹变得不可能。
Because if Hume is right then he isn't possible to apply our pure reason to know things about the world.
因为如果休谟是对的，那么他不可能，运用我们的纯粹理性来认识世界。
So there's a bit of a nice irony here that Hume who all these philosophers in this period is probably most opposed to Descartes.
这里具有讽刺意味的是，休谟以及那个时代所有的哲人们，几乎都反对笛卡尔的观点。
While Voltaire, Condorcet and Descartes used reason to confront superstition and feudalism, thinkers across the Channel – Brooks cites Burke, Hume and Adam Smith – thought it unwise to trust reason.
相比伏尔泰、孔多塞和笛卡尔这些利用理性去直面迷信和封建主义的法国启蒙思想者们，海峡对面的思想家，如布鲁克斯在书中所提及的伯克、休谟以及亚当·斯密，则认为信任理性是不明智的行为。
Why does Hume have to be wrong?
为什么休谟就得是错的呢？
Hume wants to say everything we do in life is based on the assumption that we can learn from experience and that future will conform to the past.
休谟想表达的是，我们在生活所做的每件事都基于假设，那些假设都来自于对经验的学习，未来将遵循过去。
So that means that any inference to a matter of fact beyond what we perceive or remember seems if Hume is right do we based on assumption of causality.
如果休谟给出我们基于因果关系的假设是正确的，这么一来就意味着任何关于物质事实的推断，都高于我们的感知和记忆。
One way of trying to answer Hume is to show that actually induction can be justified by pure reason but by appeal to probability rather than demonstration.
其中一条关于试图回答休谟理论的便是，归纳法实际上可以经由纯粹的推理证明，而不是演示，诉之于概率的除外。
When Adams showed up at the lunch, John Hume encouraged me to go over and shake hands with him, so I did.
当亚当斯出现在午宴上时，约翰·休姆怂恿我过去和他握手，我这样做了。
This lesson goes through to the Hume on free will.
今天的课还将讨论休谟关于自由意志的观点。
Popper for example tried to give an account of science which in no way depended on induction because he thought that Hume had completely undermined that basis.
以帕波尔为例，他尝试给出自然科学一个解释,关于归纳法并无可遵循的途径,因为他认为休谟全完是在架空那个理论基础。
Very importantly for understanding causation in Hume which we will come to next time.
这对于休谟关于因果关系的理解非常重要，我们在下次予以讨论。
So that is taken by Hume to be a model for how science in general can operate.
休谟在理解一般科学是如何运作的问题上承袭了这个模式。
Hume wanted to draw as a quite general lesson of science.
休谟想把自然科学描绘得非常一般化。
Ok, the last few slides I am just going to summarize very quickly, many people have attempted to answer Hume and all sorts of different ways.
还有最后几张幻灯片我很快地总结下，很多人尝试以不同的方式来回答休谟的问题。
Well here is a passage from a letter from a gentleman to his friend in Adumbral that Hume wrote in 1775.
这里有一段文章,是休谟于1775年写给他在阿杜巴拉一位朋友的书信。
Physically, Adams was a striking contrast to the gentle, slightly rumpled, professorial Hume.
从外表看，亚当斯与文雅的、衣着略显凌乱、学者派头的休姆形成了鲜明对比。
Two hundred years earlier, British philosopher David Hume wrote, “A wise man proportions his belief to the evidence.”
200年前，英国哲学家大卫•休谟在书中写到“智者斟酌事实来确定自己的信念。”
This, substantially, is the unsympathetic version which Hume gives to an argument in Locke.
这在实质上便是休谟对洛克的一个论证所作的无同情心的改写。
You may find it difficult to understand the thought of Hume, and if you have no philosophical training its implications will doubtless escape you.
你会发现很难理解休姆的思想，而且如果你没有受到过哲学训练，毫无疑问，你将无法理解它的含义。
So Hume didn't like the theory that there could be obligation to repay a benefit without consent.
在不经同意的情况下，受益者也有义务回报- - -休谟不喜欢这一套理论。
If forced to choose between two vices, luxury and sloth, David Hume would have preferred luxury, because to banish it without curing sloth would only diminish industry.
如果被迫在奢侈和懒惰两害中取其一，大卫·休谟会选择奢侈，因为禁止奢侈而不消除懒惰，只会减少勤奋。
I feel most at home with the empiricists rather than with the idealists... That is, I tend to prefer Aristotle to Plato, Hume to Descartes, and shake my head sadly over Pascal.
我更习惯经验主义而不是理想主义…也就是，我更喜欢亚里士多德而不是柏拉图，更喜欢休谟而不是笛卡尔，对帕斯卡只能难过地摇摇头。
We have been fortunate enough to obtain the services of Mr. Hume Roberts, a distinguished professor from Britain, to lecture to us this afternoon.
今天下午，我们有幸请到英国知名教授休姆·罗伯茨先生来为我们开一次讲座。
Scorning chronological order, I began with Kierkegaard and Sartre, then moved quickly to Spinoza, Hume, Kafka, and Camus.
不按照年代顺序，我从克尔恺郭尔和萨特开始，然后很快看了斯宾诺莎、休谟、卡夫卡和加缪。
Scorning chronological order, I began with Kierkegaard and Sartre, then moved quickly to Spinoza, Hume, Kafka, and Camus.
不按照年代顺序，我从克尔恺郭尔和萨特开始，然后很快看了斯宾诺莎、休谟、卡夫卡和加缪。
应用推荐