It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles.
这些细胞需要大约一天的时间才能到达你疼痛的肌肉组织。
How then can these cells differentiate and form structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits?
那么这些细胞是如何分化并形成像根、茎、叶和果实那样不同的结构的呢？
Because these cells are among the largest in the vertebrate brain, they were the first neurons to be identified.
由于这些细胞是脊椎动物大脑中最大的细胞，它们是最早被识别出来的神经元。
However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die.
然而，长时间听巨大的噪音会使这些细胞过度工作，从而导致一些细胞死亡。
Included among these cells are hairs (leaves have hairs), any sort of bump or ornamentation, and most important, stomata.
这些细胞包括有毛(叶子有毛)、任何突起或纹饰，最重要的是气孔。
But when we analyze these cells chemically, we find something very interesting, a chemical in them, an enzyme called telomerase.
但当我们用化学方法分析这些细胞时，我们发现了一些非常有趣的东西，其中有一种化学物质，是一种叫做端粒酶的酶。
Just below the chromatophores is a layer of cells that reflect light from the environment, and these cells help the octopus create a precise match with the colors that surround them.
色素团下面是一层细胞，它可以反射周围环境的光，这些细胞可以帮助章鱼精确地匹配周围的颜色。
He took these cells and injected them back in to the ear into the otic vesicle.
他提取出这些细胞，然后注射到耳部泡囊中。
The hair-like cilia that give these cells their name act as transducers.
毛细胞得名于其像头发丝儿一样的纤毛，这些纤毛起到的作用就像是传感器。
Crucially, these cells also create their own sounds as they expand and contract.
关键在于，这些细胞在扩展和收缩的同时也制造出了自己的声音。
In tests on mice, these cells removed deposits left by Alzheimer's in the brain.
在白鼠试验中，这些细胞清除了阿尔茨海默氏症在大脑中的残余。
When a significant number of these cells are lost or damaged, hearing loss occurs.
如果许许多多的毛细胞丢失或受损，我们就会丧失听觉。
The results confirm that viruses can be used to selectively target these cells.
研究结果确认了可使用病毒来选择性地锁定癌细胞。
We should abandon the idea that these cells are good for making any kind of neuron.
我们应该放弃这些细胞可以产生所有类型神经细胞的想法。
On an average size of 1000 km, these cells are made of hot gas rising from inside the Sun.
这些粒状斑的平均直径为1000千米，由太阳内部上升的高温气体组成。
As the brain develops, these cells connect to one another forming actual neurological Bridges.
随着大脑的发育，这些细胞彼此连接起来，形成了一个神经网络。
Normally these cells would be placed in nutrient-rich cultures and be replicated before freezing.
通常这些细胞被放在富含营养的培养基上并在冷冻前进行复制。
Once these cells are destroyed, the pancreas can no longer produce sufficient amounts of insulin for the body’s needs.
一旦这些细胞被破坏，胰腺就不能再产生足够的胰岛素来满足身体的需要。
If new neurons are being formed every day in our brain, how can we hold onto these cells and not let them simply die away?
如果大脑中新生神经元每天都在不断形成，那我们怎样才能维持这些细胞，不让它们轻易凋亡呢？
However, a little less than half of these cells had a more consistent neural response to all events, whether big or small.
但是，这些细胞中只有不到半数，对无论大小的所有事件，具有较一致的反应。
Little is known about how these cells transform acoustic waves into neural signals that we interpret as sound, Heller said.
关于这些细胞如何将声波转换为神经信号也就是我们所说的“声音”的研究几乎没有，Heller说。
A mixture similar to the protein content of egg whites activated these cells, triggering the release of the stimulant orexin.
一种与蛋清中所含的蛋白质相类似的混合物质激活了这些脑细胞，引发了使人兴奋的促食素大量释放。
What's particularly special about these cells is that they came from a patient with one of the inherited forms of long QT syndrome.
这些细胞最特别之处在于，它们来自于一位遗传性QT间期延长综合症患者。
The researchers lowered oxygen levels to simulate the hypoxic environment these cells would experience when they grow inside an embryo.
研究者们降低氧浓度来模拟细胞在胚胎内生长所需的低氧环境。
But unlike the laser treatments, which exploit biochemical pathways to create pores in the fat cell, they generate mechanical forces that rupture these cells.
不过，与激光疗法(利用生化途径在脂肪细胞中形成小孔)不同，它们能产生机械力量分解这些细胞。
Some of these cells also scanned relatively long stretches of sound, which allowed them to pick out a particular vocal feature, despite all the background noise.
这些脑细胞中，有一些会对相对较长的声音进行扫描，从而使他们得以对一些特定的声音特点做出反应，而不受其他背景噪音的影响。
Scientists have known for some time that the bone-building osteoblasts have insulin receptors, although the effect of insulin on these cells was not well understood.
尽管胰岛素对于这些细胞的影响还没有被很清楚的了解，但科学家知道成骨细胞中存在胰岛素受体却已经是事实了。
I think the important thing is to understand how these cells interact normally and in a normal liver and how this interaction undergoes change in the disease state.
我认为最重要的是要了解这些细胞在一个正常肝脏中是如何相互作用的，在疾病状态下，这种相互作用发生了什么改变。
I think the important thing is to understand how these cells interact normally and in a normal liver and how this interaction undergoes change in the disease state.
我认为最重要的是要了解这些细胞在一个正常肝脏中是如何相互作用的，在疾病状态下，这种相互作用发生了什么改变。
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