The conflict made it more difficult to make peace through the process of granting imperial titles and territorial concessions.

由于这场冲突，人们更难通过授予帝国头衔和在领土上让步这两种方式换取和平了。

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Spencer's territorial-expansion model argues that states arise through a mutual-causal process involving simultaneous territorial expansion and bureaucratization.

斯宾塞的领土扩张模式主张国家是随着相互因果的进化而兴起的，这个过程包含了领土扩张和官僚化得同时性。

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By the same process, if transnational civil societies develop, then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state.

在这个过程中，如果跨国公民社会形成，那么区域的甚至全球的治理方案就有可能形成，并且弥补或者取代领土国家。

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Now, we have a process in late Medieval Europe of the consolidation of territorial monarchies.

现在，我们来探讨欧洲中世纪末期的，领土兼并以及王权强化。

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Now, we have a process in late Medieval Europe of the consolidation of territorial monarchies.

现在，我们来探讨欧洲中世纪末期的，领土兼并以及王权强化。

youdao