Operating system specialists focus on the operating system layer.
操作系统专家主要关注操作系统层。
The software architecture was divided into three layers, task layer system layer and servo layer.
控制软件划分为任务层、系统层和伺服层。
This article explores how this is done and investigates the major structures of the Linux file system layer.
本文讲解这个机制的实现方法并介绍Linux文件系统层的主要结构。
While those customizations are important, customization of the operating system layer is also often required.
虽然这些定制都非常重要，但是操作系统层的定制也是一个常见的需求。
Similarly, your system layer may be implemented as an API, a collection of wrapper classes, or as Web services.
相似地，系统层可以作为一个API、包装器类集合或者Web服务实现。
The architecture has three layers which include operating system layer, middleware layer and application layer.
该方案采用操作系统层、中间层和应用程序层的三层结构。
The software architecture includes embedded real-time system, assist layer, system layer and application layer.
该软件构架包括嵌入式实时操作系统，辅助层，系统层和应用层。
Now that you've seen file system construction in action, I'll get back to the architecture of the Linux file system layer.
既然已经看到了文件系统的构造方法，现在就看看Linux 文件系统层的体系结构。
Currently the main storage system technology is SAN Virtualization and its implementation is in the file system layer.
SAN的虚拟化是存储系统的发展趋势，它在文件系统层实现。
The index system with 32 indexes is divided into three layers. They are system layer, structure layer and datum layer.
指标体系分三层：系统层、结构层、数据层，共32个指标。
Thus the idea put forward the cultural layer, system layer and symbol layer ACTS to proceed, in order to build a junior high school brand.
由此提出了以文化的理念层、制度行为层和符号层着手，以此来打造初中学校的品牌。
To illustrate the capabilities of the Linux file system layer (and the use of mount), create a file system in a file within the current file system.
为了说明Linux文件系统层的功能（以及挂装的方法），我们在当前文件系统的一个文件中创建一个文件系统。
The logical file system layer is the level of abstraction at which users can request the various file operations, such as read, write, stat, and so on.
逻辑文件系统层是一个抽象层，用户可以通过它请求各种文件操作，如读、写、获得相关信息，等等。
Below the file system layer is the buffer cache, which provides a common set of functions to the file system layer (independent of any particular file system).
文件系统层之下是缓冲区缓存，它为文件系统层提供了一个通用函数集(与具体文件系统无关)。
System layer includes single user management, single resource management and single job management system, and it can offer the service for application layer.
系统层包括统一用户管理、统一资源管理和统一作业管理三部分，为应用层提供服务保障。
From a storage perspective, Ceph object storage devices perform the mapping of objects to blocks (a task traditionally done at the file system layer in the client).
从存储角度来看，Ceph对象存储设备执行从对象到块的映射(在客户端的文件系统层中常常执行的任务)。
Without the safety approach in a systematical way, the existing safety technologies are only limited to application layer, or operating system layer, or network layer and so on.
无系统防危的观念：现有的防危机制通常只局限在应用级、操作系统级或网络级中的某个层次，且各层防危机制联系非常松散、一致性差。
In practice, achieving response times below tens of microseconds requires a combination of custom hardware and software, possibly with no — or a very thin — operating-system layer.
在实践中，要使响应时间小于几十微秒，需要组合定制的软硬件，很可能没有(或者有非常薄的)操作系统层。
For improving network control performance, it's necessary to research some key problems in design process of passenger car network control system including system layer and node layer.
客车网络控制系统设计过程中需要对系统层与节点层的一些关键问题进行研究，以助于提高网络控制的性能。
A system structure for virtual machining system is built according to the machining environment of box type parts with the basic core layer, manufacturing system layer and interfacial layer included.
针对箱体类零件加工环境建立虚拟生产加工系统体系结构，该体系结构包括基础核心层、制造系统层、界面层的三层结构。
The GPFS portability layer (PL) is kernel-specific, and it must be created separately for each operating system level within your cluster.
GPFS可移植层（PL）是内核特有的，必须为集群中的每个操作系统级别单独创建。
This abstraction layer allows any operating system to run on the hardware without knowledge of any other guest operating system.
这个抽象层允许任何操作系统在硬件上运行，而不需要了解任何其他客户操作系统。
They consider it important to be able to swap out any layer of the system in favor of alternative implementations.
他们非常看重在任何一个层次对系统进行替换，以保证另一种解决方案的可行性。
This intermediary interprets requests from the virtual system to the host, thereby adding a layer of virtualization between the virtual system and the host.
这个虚拟中介截断了虚拟机系统发往主机的请求，也就是在虚拟机系统与主机之间添加了一个虚拟化层。
The business layer generally interacts with the information system through the data access layer.
业务层主要通过数据访问层与信息系统实现交互。
The system software layer is usually the easiest to communicate.
系统软件层通常是最容易通信的。
By restricting knowledge of the system to a single layer, a boundary is placed on the overall system complexity, promoting substrate independence.
通过将系统知识限制在单个层，可以限制整个系统的复杂性，促进了底层的独立性。
A common architectural strategy is to layer your system, separating your user interface logic, business logic, system logic, and persistence logic from each other.
通常的构造策略是将系统分层，将用户界面逻辑、商业逻辑、系统逻辑和持久性逻辑彼此分开。
The familiar windowed desktop of any operating system is simply a layer on top of the core code that makes it easier for you to interact with your computer.
任何操作系统中的桌面环境只是系统核心之上简单的一层，使用它能更方便地和计算机交互。
In the center layer (mesoderm) the heart and circulatory system are forming.
在中胚层，心脏和循环系统正在形成。
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