"Pain is probably the earliest most primitive experience around, going all the way back to single celled organisms," he says.
“疼痛可能是最早的也是最原始的体验，回归到最简单的我们称之为有机体的东西，”他说到。
He reasoned that some single-celled creatures are known to enter a hibernation-like state and survive for years with no air or food.
他推断，已知的一些单细胞生物进入类似冬眠的状态，在没有空气和食物的情况下存活数年。
The fossils buried in Pleistocene and earlier ocean sediments were of foraminifera—small, single-celled marine organisms that secrete shells of calcium carbonate, or calcite.
在更新世和更早的海洋沉积物中埋藏的化石生物属于孔虫类生物，它们是微小的单细胞海洋生物，其分泌的硬壳由碳酸钙和方解石组成。
The ancestors of plants were photosynthetic single-celled organisms that gave rise to plants presumably lacked true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive structures such as flowers.
植物的祖先是进行光合作用的单细胞生物，由此产生的植物可能缺乏真正的根、茎、叶和复杂的生殖结构，如花朵。
The bacterium, meanwhile, produces signals that keep the yeast's growth in check, preventing it from transforming itself from a single-celled yeast into a branching, multicellular fungus.
同时细菌也没闲着，产生信号阻碍真菌的繁殖，阻止其从单细胞的形式转化成分枝的多细胞真菌。
After all, he reasoned, some single-celled creatures are known to enter a hibernation-like state and survive for years with no air or food.
毕竟，他推断，众所周知一些单细胞生物可以进入一种类似冬眠的状态，并在没有空气和水的状态下生存数年。
He does not plan to stick to bacteria, though. The other challenge, besides the minimal genome, is to repeat the trick with single-celled algae.
虽然如此，他也没打算坚持用细菌。除了最小基因组外的另一个挑战是，将戏法在单细胞藻类上重演。
We all share common ancestors, because all life came from the first self-reproducing, single-celled organism that existed in the oceans of primal earth.
我们有着共同的祖先，因为所有的生命都来源于原始地球上第一个存在于海洋中自我复制的单细胞有机体。
My boss is a single-celled organism.
我的老板是一位单细胞生物。
Scientists have known for some time that life exists at such depths, but they thought it mostly consisted of single-celled organisms.
科学家们早已知道在这一深度存在有生命，但他们认为存在的主要是单细胞生物。
The other challenge, besides the minimal genome, is to repeat the trick with single-celled algae.
除了最小基因组外的另一个挑战是，将戏法在单细胞藻类上重演。
Researchers had thought that only single-celled organisms such as prokaryotes and protozoa could live in the oxygen-deprived environments of the deepest ocean.
研究人员一度以为，只有单细胞生物，如原核生物和原生动物，才能在深海缺氧环境中生活。
This way, the single-celled cleaning crew can destroy the salt layer with no moisture penetrating the murals.
这样，这些单层细胞清洁队员可以在不使水汽进入油画的前提下除去盐层。
The single-celled diatoms below—the likes of which are found in oceans worldwide—were collected with a plankton net in San Francisco Bay.
上图就是旧金山海湾的一个浮游生物网内聚集的单细胞植物硅藻——这种藻类在世界各大海洋都广泛分布。
Nonetheless, there are indications that single-celled organisms can learn.
尽管如此，仍有迹象表明单细胞有机体可以学习。
Scientists are also discovering that our nervous system shares an even deeper homology with single-celled organisms.
科学家们甚至还发现我们的神经系统和单细胞生物有着更为深层次的同源性。
Any form of life we find there, we won't have encountered before - there will probably be viruses, and we may have bacteria, archaea (other single-celled organisms) and... maybe fungi.
我们在那里发现的任何生命形式，以前都不曾见过——可能有病毒，我们还可能会发现细菌、古代细菌(其他单细胞生物)以及…真菌也有可能。
That's something we humans have trouble enough with, let alone a single-celled organism without a neuron to call its own.
这对我们人类是够麻烦的，让一个没有神经的单细胞生物拥有自己的意愿。
Some phytoplankton are bacteria, some are protists, and most are single-celled plants.
有些浮游植物是细菌，有些是原生生物，而大多数则是单细胞植物。
While they spend part of their life as ordinary single-celled creatures, they sometimes grow into truly alien forms.
虽然在生命的一段时间里只是普普通通的单细胞生物，有些时候却可以长成真正的外星形式。
The scientists trap the bacteria in a gel.This way, the single-celled cleaning crew can destroy the salt layer with no moisture penetrating the murals.
他们先把细菌封闭在凝胶内，这样，这些单细胞的细菌就会在没有水分的条件下清除盐结晶层，因为没有水分的参与，也就不会损坏壁画。
The discovery of life-forms so deep underground strengthens the notion that most of the organisms on the planet are in fact hardy, single-celled creatures that live in the rock beneath our feet.
在如此深的地下发现生命再次表明了我们星球上大多数生物是生活在我们脚下岩石中强悍的单细胞生物。
They pointed out that because bacteria constantly reproduce, a group of the single-celled organisms could store a piece of information for thousands of years.
他们指出，由于细菌不断繁殖，一条信息可以在单细胞有机体中储存数千年。
Diatomaceous earth (which we shall hereby call DE because it's a lot easier to type) is the fossilized remains of single-celled algae called diatoms.
硅藻土(下文简称DE)是一种被称为硅藻的石化单细胞海藻。
An obscure single-celled flagellate with a name like a character from an Asterix book - Trimastix - also turned out to have mitochondrial genes.
一种名字有点象占星书术语的叫Trimastix的单细胞鞭毛虫隐隐出现在人们视野里，它也正好有线粒体基因。
CroV, as its full name suggests, is a parasite of Cafeteria roenbergensis, a single-celled planktonic organism that was itself discovered only in 1988.
从CroV病毒的全称可以看出，它的宿主是海洋微型异养鞭毛虫(Cafeteriaroenbergensis)——一种直到1988年才发现的单细胞浮游生物。
There was thought to be one exception, however, in the form of Giardia, a single-celled parasite with a nasty effect on people.
曾经一度认为有一个例外，是一种叫Giardia的单细胞寄生生物，常引起人体患鞭毛虫病。
But they don't beat single-celled organisms that emerged about 3.4 billion years ago.
但是没有34亿年前出现的单细胞生物的历史久。
The last of the Bay-area drop-in contenders is, in many ways, the most intriguing. Solazyme, another firm based in South San Francisco, wants to use single-celled algae to make its fuel.
位于旧金山湾地区最后一家也加入完全替代型燃料竞争的公司从很多方面来说也是最令人瞩目的，它就是同样位于南圣弗朗西斯科的Solazyme公司，它想利用单细胞藻类制造燃料。
Our single-celled ancestors who lived more than 1.5 billion years ago were already impressively gene-rich and sophisticated, as per last week's blog.
生活在15亿年前的单细胞生物祖先就已经拥有丰富而复杂的基因，根据上周的博客。
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