We said that's the 1 s orbital.
我们说它是1s轨道。
And how many nodes do you see in the 3 s orbital?
那3s轨道有多少个节点呢？
The graph to the left, this is the s orbital, symmetric.
在左边的图是对称的S轨道，对称的。
So we can also look at this in terms of the 3 s orbital.
我们可以同样的来看下3s轨道。
So for a 2 s orbital, how many total nodes will we have?
对于2s轨道，有多少个节点？
And we call that, for this case, our sigma 2 s orbital.
对于这种情况，我们可以叫它sigma2s轨道。
And yet, we know that the shape of the s orbital is spherical.
并且，我们知道S轨道是球状的。
And it turns out that for a 2 s orbital, that's equal to 6 times a nought.
对于2s轨道，它等于6倍的a0。
We talked about the wave function for a 2 s orbital, and also for a 3 s orbital.
我们讲过2s轨道的波函数，也讲过3s轨道。
And for a 2 s orbital, you get a graph that's going to look something like this.
对于2s轨道，你们可以得到一个大致是这样的图。
But you should see that there are four radial nodes here since we have a 5 s orbital.
但你们应该知道，这里有4个节点，因为它是5s轨道。
The space shuttle Columbia was the first space worthy shuttle in NASA 's orbital fleet.
哥伦比亚号航空航天飞机是美国航天局轨道船队第一个有价值的空间航天飞机。
And in the case of the 3 s orbital, that's going to be equal to 11. 5 times a nought.
对于3s轨道，它等于11.5a0。
S — we don't have to hybridize it, it already has only one unpaired electron in a 1 s orbital.
s -我们不用杂化它，它已经有而且仅有一个未配对电子在s轨道里。
Let's consider again an s orbital for argon, so let's say we're looking at the 1 s orbital for argon.
我们再考虑一次氩的s轨道，所以我们说我们在看氩的1s轨道。
First of all, this is the two s orbitals in hydrogen, 1s plus 1s smearing to give us this sigma molecular orbital.
首先，这是氢气中的两个s轨道，1s与1s轨道重叠，产生sigma分子轨道。
Because we have paired set in a 2 s orbital, so all we're left essentially is two electrons that are available for bonding.
因为我们有一对，在2s轨道里已经配对了，所以只剩下两个电子可以用来成键。
If you compare the s orbital with the bottom lobe, these have a different sign so they're going to destructively interfere.
如果你们比较s轨道和下面这叶，它们正负号相反，所以它们相消干涉。
So, what you find with the s orbital, and this is general for all s orbitals is that all of your nodes end up being radial nodes.
对于s轨道，你们会发现，所有的节点都是径向节点。
For example, for the 2 s, again what you see is that the multi-electron atom, its 2 s orbital is lower in energy than it is for the hydrogen.
举例来说对于2s轨道，在多电子原子，中可以看到，它的2s轨道的能量低于氢原子的。
So it's along the bond axis and it's between a carbon s p 2 hybrid, and then the hydrogen is just a 1 s orbital that we're combining here.
所以它是沿着键轴方向的,而且这里是一个碳sp2杂化轨道，和一个氢的1s轨道的结合,在这里我们可以合并他们。
This is the radial probability distribution formula for an s orbital, which is, of course, dealing with something that's spherically symmetrical.
这个s轨道的，径向概率分布公式，它对于球对称，的情形成立。
For example, when we're talking about radial probability distributions, the most probable radius is closer into the nucleus than it is for the s orbital.
举例来说当我们讨论径向概率分布时，距离原子核最可能的半径是，比s轨道半径，更近的可以离原子核有多近。
And if we think about the six hydrogens, now each of those are going to bind by combining one of the carbon hybrid orbitals to a 1 s orbital of hydrogen.
如果我们考虑有六个氢原子，每个都会合起来，碳杂化轨道成键，每个氢的1s轨道。
So for example, if you look at the 1 s orbital here, you can see that actually it is lower in the case of the multi-electron atom than it is for the hydrogen atom.
所以举例来说，如果你看到这里的1s轨道，你可以看到实际上，多电子原子情况的。
Another thing to point out in these two graphs is that we do have nodes, and we figured out last time, we calculated how many nodes we should have in a 2 s orbital.
另外这两张图上要指出的是，我们可以看到节点，上次我们知道，我们算了2s轨道有多少个节点。
So, for example, if we look at the 2 s orbital of argon, it's going to have the same amount of nodes and the same type of nodes that the 2 s orbital for hydrogen has.
所以举例来说，如果我们看氩的2s轨道，它有相同数量的节数,和相同类型的节点,对于氢的2s轨道。
So, what we call this is the third ionization energy, or the negative of the binding energy, again of the 2 s orbital, but now it's in boron plus 2 to we're starting with.
那么我们称它为第三电离能，或者负的束缚能，还是，2，s，轨道的，但现在我们是从正二价硼离子开始的。
So you should remember that any time we combine 2 s orbitals, what we're going to find is if we constructively interfere those two orbitals, we're going to form a bonding orbital.
你们要记住，任何时候我们组合两个2s轨道，我们会发现,如果我们把它们相长叠加，我们会得到一个成键轨道。
So, if I kind of circle where the probability gets somewhat substantial here, you can see we're much closer to the nucleus at the s orbital than we are for the p, then when we are for the d.
我把概率,很大的地方圈出来，你们可以看到在s轨道上,比p轨道更接近原子核，最远是d轨道。
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