Such distinct constitutive parameters have brought the medium several quite unique electromagnetic properties, such as negative refraction, reversed Doppler effect, reversed Cerenkov radiation, etc.
其独特的本构参数给予了这种介质独特的电磁特性，比如负折射、逆多普勒效应、逆（?）
However because of the refraction effect in the troposphere there is refractive error in the parameters measured in positioning system.
但由于对流层中的折射效应，定位系统所测目标的仰角、距离等参量均存在一定的折射误差。
The parameters of the optical structure were given by analyzing the optical pathway diagram based on formulas of refraction and reflection.
本文根据折反射定律，通过分析光路图，给出了此光学系统的结构参数。
The parameters of the optical structure were given by analyzing the optical pathway diagram based on formulas of refraction and reflection.
本文根据折反射定律，通过分析光路图，给出了此光学系统的结构参数。
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