Proteins molecules are long flexible chains that can take on a virtually infinite number of 3d shapes.
蛋白质分子是非常复杂的链，实际上可以表示为无数个3d图形。
Glucose-free solutions remained clear, but solutions with glucose caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked.
不含葡萄糖的溶液仍然清晰可见，但含有葡萄糖的溶液会使蛋白质形成团簇，这表明分子已经交联。
Could any other class of molecules have substituted for proteins?
任何其它种类的分子能够取代蛋白质吗？
Proteins are the building blocks of life inside cells; they are first made as long chains of molecules and work properly only after they have folded into their final shape.
蛋白质是细胞内生命的支柱，他们首先被制成长链分子，只有在他们被折叠成最终形态后才能正常的工作。
The recipe is a combination of three small molecules and five proteins, and it attempts to replicate what cells would experience in the developing embryo.
此方剂是三种小分子和五种蛋白质的组合，它试图复制细胞在发育中的胚胎里所要经历的事情。
We're looking for molecules like DNA and proteins.
我们寻找像DNA和蛋白质这样的分子。
Many proteins will not work properly unless they are coated with the right mixture of sugar molecules.
如果不能被正确的糖分子混合物所包裹，许多蛋白质都是不能正常工作的。
Essentially, cells may be viewed as circuits that use molecules, ions, proteins and DNA instead of electrons and transistors.
从本质上讲，细胞可以被视作利用分子、离子、蛋白质和DNA，而非电子和晶体管的电路。
Even if we could solve protein-folding, the next stage would be to predict the structure of cells on the basis of the interactions of millions of proteins and other molecules.
即使我们能抓住蛋白质折叠的规律，下一步就是通过分析数百万蛋白质和其它分子之间的相互作用，来预测细胞的结构。
A peptide is a short chain of the amino-acid molecules that are the ultimate components of proteins.
一个缩氨酸是一个短链的氨基酸分子，而氨基酸是最终形成蛋白质的分子。
The problem is that the molecules antibodies recognise and react to are the big ones, such as proteins, that are characteristic of bacteria, viruses and other infectious agents.
改为——问题是抗体能识别和做出反应的分子是像蛋白质这样的大分子，这也是细菌，病毒和其他致病原的特征。
The membrane is impermeable to blood cells and large molecules such as proteins, but small ones can get through it.
血液分子和一些大分子例如，蛋白质，是无法渗透隔膜的，而小分子仍然可以通过。
Lead causes brain damage by mimicking helpful metals found naturally in the body, such as calcium, iron and zinc, and binding with the same molecules and proteins.
通过模拟有助人体、自然存在的金属元素，诸如钙、铁、锌，并结合相同的分子与蛋白质，铅会导致大脑损伤。
Many kinds of molecules make up your coffee There are the water molecules, the flavor molecules the milk proteins, etcetera.
许多不同种类的分子构成了你的咖啡，有水分子，气味分子，牛奶蛋白等等。
That's allowed it to serve as the medium for the growth and evolution of the most complex molecules in the universe, including enzymes, proteins, and the mother of all known living creatures, DNA.
这样一种关系使得水分子作为一种媒介，服务于宇宙中最复杂分子的生长和演化，包括酶，蛋白质和所有活着的生物的母体，DNA。
The problem is that the molecules antibodies recognise and react to are the big ones, such as proteins, that are characteristic of bacteria, viruses and other infectious agents.
问题是，抗体能够识别出较大的分子，比如以蛋白质形式表现出来的，像细菌，病毒，或者别的感染物质。
Using a series of algorithms written by the team, a computer can correlate these changes in the interference pattern with the binding of particular molecules to particular proteins.
运用该团队编制的一系列公式，计算机能使干涉图样的改变和某些分子蛋白的结合产生关联。
Using chromatography, a method that divides the molecules in a mixture based on charge or size, they separated out individual proteins from samples of the microbe.
研究者利用层析法——一种根据电荷或大小将混合物中的各种分子分离开来的方法，把各种不同的蛋白质从唾液链球菌的样品中分离出来。
With the help of specially designed antibody molecules, the team was able to determine the level of various proteins within these tissues.
借助专门设计的抗体分子，该小组能够确定这些组织中各种蛋白质的含量。
Other molecules inside a cell read the colors on the RNA and use that information to build other molecules called proteins.
细胞中的其他分子识别出RNA上的颜色，同时，利用这一信息生成被称为蛋白质的其他分子。
In addition, molecules called heat shock proteins increase during the heat acclimation process.
此外，在热适应过程中，一种名叫热振动蛋白的分子的数量在增加。
These churn out proteins which bind to the receptors, swamping and diluting the effect of functional myostatin molecules.
这两种基因产生与上述受体结合的大量蛋白质，压制和削弱有功能肌肉生长抑制素分子的作用。
The RNA messenger molecules relay them to structures known as ribosomes that read them and make proteins accordingly.
信使RNA分子将指令传递到一个叫核糖体的细胞结构上，核糖体再根据指令制造蛋白质。
These, like real cells, were surrounded by membranes made of fatty molecules. Proteins "floating" in the membranes would let only certain ions pass.
这些类似真细胞的“原细胞”被油脂分子包围。膜上浮动的的蛋白只会让某些离子通过。利用这个系统，研究人员发现他们可以将电鳗的发电机能复制出来。
Instead of having freely available luciferin, they contain molecules called photoproteins which are, in effect, luciferin proteins that already have oxygen bound to them.
虽然不含有随处可得的荧光素，他们含有一种叫做“发光蛋白”，实际上就是和氧气连接的荧光素蛋白质。
Light hitting the proteins produces a pair of free radicals, highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons.
光击中这种蛋白质产生一对游离的活性基，这是一种非常活跃的有着不成对的电子的分子。
When the body sustains an injury, molecules called notification proteins are produced at the site. These proteins communicate with clotting agents in the blood.
当机体遭受损伤之后，受损伤之处会分泌一种被称作”通知蛋白“的分子。
Genes — discrete segments of long DNA molecules — transcribe their sequences onto single-strand messenger RNA molecules, which then serve as templates for proteins.
对遗传信息进行编码。基因——长长的脱氧核糖核酸分子中的不连续的片段——把它们的序列转录成单线信使核糖核酸分子，核糖核酸又成为蛋白质的模板。
Genes — discrete segments of long DNA molecules — transcribe their sequences onto single-strand messenger RNA molecules, which then serve as templates for proteins.
对遗传信息进行编码。基因——长长的脱氧核糖核酸分子中的不连续的片段——把它们的序列转录成单线信使核糖核酸分子，核糖核酸又成为蛋白质的模板。
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