A downgrade immediately increases borrowing costs as investors demand a premium to compensate for the higher perceived risk.
降级立刻增加了借贷成本，因为投资者要求额外费用以补偿更高的感知风险。
It is determined by a number of factors including market share, competition, material costs, product identity and the customer's perceived value of the product.
它由一系列因素决定，这些因素包括市场份额、竞争、材料成本、产品身份和顾客认知的产品价值。
If the costs outweigh the benefits for an individual, the perceived value of the offering will be low and it will be unlikely to be adopted.
要是产品成本超出了个人所能获得的利益，那么产品的认知价值会比较低以至产品很可能不被大众接受。
Cheaper commodity prices due to a perceived downswing in worldwide demand will help local businesses cut costs, allowing them to offer more of their products to the local population.
随着世界范围内的需求量下跌，商品将更加低廉，有助于当地企业削减成本，从而将更多商品用于供应本地市场。
But many officials have concluded that, for now, the benefits of buying more Treasuries do not outweigh the costs of a damaging rise in inflation expectations and a perceived loss of independence.
但是，许多官员已经断定，就目前而言，相较于购买更多国库券而获得的好处，因通胀预期而带来的破坏与独立性的丧失会让其得不偿失。
They are likely to do so only if the perceived benefits exceed the expected costs.
只有当可知利益超出预期花费时，他们才可能这么做。
Most often the costs were perceived to accrue in some distant future long after today's beneficiaries have left the scene.
在今天的受益人已经离开很久了后，高额增长的成本代价才被未来的人感觉到。
Failure is too often perceived to be an experience to be avoided at all costs.
失败经常是我们竭尽全力要避免的东西。
Information costs saved, lower perceived risk, and perceived quality affect brand choice preference remarkably and positively.
节省的信息成本、较低的感知风险和感知质量都对品牌选择偏好具有显著的正向影响作用。
Whenever a black cat was seen it was avoided at all costs because it was perceived to be a witch in disguise.
无论何时人们见到黑猫都会避开它们，因为它们被认为是巫师伪装的。
The advantages include lower administrative costs on the one hand and a perceived lesser risk of fraud on the other.
这项举措的优势在于管理成本更低，欺诈风险更小。
The wider take-up of offsite-MMC is, however, inhibited by perceived higher capital costs, interfacing problems, long lead-in time, delayed planning process, and current manufacturing capacity.
然而，现场外mmc的广泛使用受到以下因素的影响：较高的建设成本、交流与沟通的问题、较长的引入时间、滞后的规划过程以及当前的制造能力。
The wider take-up of offsite-MMC is, however, inhibited by perceived higher capital costs, interfacing problems, long lead-in time, delayed planning process, and current manufacturing capacity.
然而，现场外mmc的广泛使用受到以下因素的影响：较高的建设成本、交流与沟通的问题、较长的引入时间、滞后的规划过程以及当前的制造能力。
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