波动效应是导致大型软件系统维护费用昂贵的一个重要原因。
Ripple effect is a major factor causing high maintenance cost of large-scale software systems.
这一结论在波动溢出效应模型中也得到了验证。
This conclusion is proved in the volatility spillover effect model.
基金市场的价格波动存在杠杆效应；
The price volatility of fund market has a characteristic of leverage effect.
大宗商品市场价格波动所产生的效应，各国皆不尽相同。
The effect of such movements may vary in different parts of the world.
大宗商品市场价格波动所产生的效应，各国皆不尽相同。
The effect of such movements may vary in different parts of the world.
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