它可以是曲面上想要的任意长度的法向量。
It can be a normal vector of any length you want to the surfaces.
下面应该如何，在这样的曲面上建立通量的积分。
Now, how would we actually set up a flux integral on such a surface.
它表示曲面上的面积元素。
关于曲面上的直线，我们指的是什么？
What do we mean to talk about a straight line on a curved surface?
总之，就是用几何方法或是在曲面上建立二重积分。
Use geometry or you need to set up for double integral of a surface.
现在在上方的曲面上，有一个平行四边形。
修正“在曲面上描绘”按钮无法执行指令的错误。
第四部分研究了复杂曲面上喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹优化问题。
In the fourth part, trajectory optimization of painting robot for complex curved surfaces is studied.
第二部分提出了平面和规则曲面上喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹优化方法。
In the second part, generating paint gun trajectories for plane and regular surfaces are discussed.
光，在日常生活经验中它是以直线的方式传播的，可是现在可以把它捕获在复杂的曲面上。
Which in everyday experience travels in straight beams, has been trapped on complex curved surfaces.
对于任意完全包含在圆环面上的曲面，这个曲线都不是它的边界。
See, this one also does not bound anything that's completely contained in the torus.
平面上，被曲线包围的就只有一个“曲面”了。
There is only one thing that is enclosed by this curve in the plane.
球面曲面到平面上的透视投影。
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION of the surface of a sphere onto a plane.
球面曲面到平面上的透视投影。
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION of the surface of a sphere onto a plane.
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