Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators.
玩耍可以让一只小动物探索环境并在相对安全的环境中练习技能，因为周围的成年动物通常不期望幼崽应对威胁或捕食者。
For instance, islands often have not been colonized by large predators or are too small to hold feasible predator populations.
例如，岛屿通常没有大型食肉动物的殖民地，或者太小而无法容纳可行的食肉动物种群。
The problem is that other smugglers are predators, who abandon, kidnap or kill their charges.
问题是有些人贩是掠夺者，他们抛弃、绑架或者杀害被他们绑架的人。
Biological hypotheses include ecological changes brought about by the evolution of cooperation between insects and flowering plants or of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans.
生物学上的假设包括生态变化，这些变化是由昆虫和开花植物之间的共同进化，或海洋中以海底生物为食的捕食者的进化所带来的。
I read that they often hide from predators by squirting out a cloud of ink, or something like that.
我读到过，它们为了躲避捕食者，经常喷出一团墨水，或者类似的东西。
Sometimes a sudden shift in color can be used to startle potential predators or threaten intruders.
有时候，色彩的快速变换可以用来惊吓掠食者或威胁入侵者。
On the down side, though, mirror life wouldn’t have any predators or diseases to limit its reproduction. They would have to keep an eye on that.
但镜像生命也存在缺点，那就是它的繁殖不受任何捕食者或疾病的限制，科学家们必须对其保持密切关注。
"It presumably was ultimately replaced by fishes or other kinds of predators in later oceans," he said.
“据推测它们后来在海洋里被鱼类和其他捕食类生物所取代，”他说。
Unimpeded by predators or competitors, they could quickly reproduce and cover the surface of the planet.
免遭食肉动物和竞争者的侵袭，它们很快会再生并覆盖整个星球的表面。
To scare off predators, this shark can balloon to twice its normal size by filling its stomach with air or water.
为了吓退捕食者，这种鲨鱼可以用将胃部填满空气或水的方式使自己的身形膨胀到正常体积的两倍。
Because civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan have died as a result of collateral damage or mistaken identities, Predators have generated international opposition and prompted accusations of war crimes.
伊拉克和阿富汗的很多平民因为间接损害或被认错身份而死去，猛禽战机已经激起了国际社会的反感，同时招来了众多的关于战争罪行的指控。
One, the "swollen thorn acacia, " learned to encourage a species of ant to monopolize it as a food source and kill or run off all other predators.
其中一种“巨刺金合欢（即牛角相思树）”学会了如何诱使一种蚂蚁为独占自己而杀死或驱赶其他的掠食者。
Many of the mammal bones collected from Herto bear cut marks from stone tools. It is impossible to say, however, whether the people were hunting the animals or scavenging the kills of other predators.
从赫托收集的很多哺乳动物骨骼上都有石制工具留下的切痕，但我们不知道这些动物是被赫托人猎杀的还是被其他食肉动物杀死后留给赫托人的残羹冷炙。
"Snakes possess a unique sensory system for detecting infrared radiation, enabling them to generate a 'thermal image' of predators or prey," begins the study.
“蛇类拥有一套独特的感官系统，用来探测红外射线，使得它们可以生成捕食者或猎物的“热成像图片”。”研究报道开宗明义。
Lots of animals learn from their more experienced peers to gain skills such as hunting, foraging or evading predators.
许多动物通过向它们经验更丰富的同伴学习而获得诸如捕猎、觅食或躲避天敌的一些技能。
They can also have an important role in the ecosystem as top predators or as indicators of overfishing.
它们无论作为顶端掠食者还是过分捕捞的指示生物都在生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。
These individuals or groups observe the birds and their habitats and offer tailored Suggestions, such as controlling predators or keeping nest sites safe.
这些个人或者团体观察鸟类以及它们的栖息地，并提出改进的建议，例如控制猎食者或者保护筑巢地点的安全。
Typical ambush predators, they squeeze their bodies into the forest substrate or leaf litter so only their heads protrude.
典型的埋伏型猎食者，它们将身子缩在森里底层或落叶层里只露出头部。
Or a warning for would-be predators?
还是为了吓唬天敌？
"Did the land-loving ancestors of these aquatic groups simply fall into the water, were they driven by hunger or did they seek safety while escaping from predators?" he asked.
难道这些水生种群的陆生祖先只是偶然掉入水中？还是因为饥饿或是躲避食肉动物的猎杀？
Some of us start out slow, but acceleration can yield some surprising results when it comes to predators and prey, or basically anyone involved in a chase.
我们当中一些人一开始时可能很慢，但当涉及到捕猎者和猎物之间或任何一场追逐中，加速度可以让人出乎意料。
Primitive as these weapons may have been, they gave early humans a huge advantage in hunting for calorie-rich meat and for defending themselves from predators or other humans.
尽管原始，这些武器给了早期人类一个巨大的优势，借此获得热量丰富的猎物，保卫自己免受食肉动物或其他人的攻击。
This is a recognised defence mechanism and has been mentioned in other invertebrates, but no one had published on what exactly makes them do it or whether it actually is effective against predators.
这种防御机制已经为人所熟识了，而且在其他一些无脊椎动物中也有发现。但是目前还没有报道说明是什么使得它们形成这样的机制，也不知道这是否可以有效地反抗捕食者。
Tooth marks on bones have been found before, but often as damage left by attacking predators or scavengers that tore at the carcass after the animal died.
以前在骨头上发现的牙印，大部分不是攻击性天敌留下的猎伤就是食腐动物在其死后撕扯的痕迹。
Individuals able to perform such a feat might have been able to reach new food sources or better escape predators-and pass the trait on to subsequent generations.
拥有此种技能的恐龙个体不但可以获得更多的食物资源，而且还能更有效的躲避掠食者——这种特征从而得以代代相传。
It may actually be to make the spider appear larger and less appealing to predators, or help entice curious prey.
这有可能是为了让蜘蛛显得更大，或者对捕猎者更不具有吸引力，或者帮助引诱好奇的猎物。
Faye Archell, or the Centre of Applied Zoologym said: 'Many species of Angler Fish are what are known as ambush predators.
或者叫实用动物学中心表示：“许多种类的琵琶鱼据了解是伏击型肉食动物。”
Researchers collected wild dragonfly larvae, and placed them in tanks with fish or insect predators.
研究人员们采集了野生蜻蜓的幼虫，把它们与鱼类或食昆虫的生物们放在一起饲养。
Researchers collected wild dragonfly larvae, and placed them in tanks with fish or insect predators.
研究人员们采集了野生蜻蜓的幼虫，把它们与鱼类或食昆虫的生物们放在一起饲养。
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