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This is Hobbes' answer to Machiavelli's famous call in chapter 25 to master fortuna, to master chance or luck, fortune.
这就是霍布斯对马基雅维利那句有名号召的答案,那个号召在第25章中，说的是要掌控命运，掌控机会，掌控运气，掌控时机。
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It seems formal and analytical in contrast to Machiavelli's combination of historical commentary and reflection drawn from personal experience.
它看起来更正式，分析得更透彻,这是与马基雅维利的,从个人经验出发,历史性的评论和反思相结合相比。
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He said, "I'll pray for him but if he can punch it'll help." In a small respect, that's Machiavelli.
神父说，我将为他祈祷，但是如果他能出拳猛击,那将会很有帮助，小面上说，这就是马基雅维利。
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And it is not for Machiavelli simply the existence of these two different moralities that is at stake.
此外对于马基雅维利来说，不仅仅,这两种不同的道德观岌岌可危。
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Yet in many ways, Machiavelli proceeds to deprecate the virtues of the nobility, perhaps to our surprise.
然而在很多方面，马基雅维利却抨击,贵族阶级的所谓美德，或许这令我们很惊讶。
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And to some degree, he even seems to speak, he seems even more characteristically modern than Machiavelli.
在某种程度上，他说的，甚至比马基雅维利,更具有典型的现代性。
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Are not these aristocratic goals of honor and glory ? precisely what Machiavelli seems to be advocating?
这些追求名誉荣耀的高尚目标难道不正是,马基雅维利所拥护的吗？
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That's Spinoza on Machiavelli, because "he was favorable to liberty" and that the book, he says, is kind of a satire on princely rule.
那就是斯宾诺莎对马基雅维利的理解，因为,他推崇自由，而关于《君主论》，他说道，某种程度上是对君主统治的讽刺。
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For all of his tough talk, Hobbes takes justice and the rule of law very seriously, far more seriously than, for example, does Machiavelli.
在他那些强硬的措辞中可看出,霍布斯对正义和法律的态度，始终是极为严谨的，比马基雅维利的态度要严谨得多。
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And it is that conflict, as it were, between what we might call worldliness and innocence that is the core of Machiavelli's moral code.
可以说，正是那种冲突,那种我们可以称之为世俗理念与纯洁无知之间,的冲突，是马基雅维利道德准则的核心所在。
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These are just two incompatible moral positions that Machiavelli states but he goes further than this.
这是马基雅维利所言的两种不可调和的,对立道德立场，但是他并未就此善罢甘休。
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Machiavelli wants to redirect power to some degree away from the nobles and toward the people.
马基雅维利想要在某种程度上,使权力由贵族往人民方向偏转。
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Machiavelli uses these two psychological and even in some ways quasi-medical terms, humors, to designate two classes of people on which every society is based.
马基雅维利运用这两个心理学上的,甚至某种程度上准医学的术语，人民特质，来界定两种不同阶级的人,每个社会都以此为基础。
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It would be armed and expansive. Machiavelli's republic feeds on conflict, on war and conquest.
它将是尚武的充满扩张性的，马基雅维利的,共和国依赖冲突，战争和征服。
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Machiavelli might call them sort of manly men who are fully confident about their abilities.
马基雅维利可能会称他们为有男子气概的人,并且对自己的能力充满自信。
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Hobbes, again, along with Machiavelli, was one of the great architects of the modern state.
霍布斯，再一次，同马基雅维利一样，是现代国家的伟大建构者。
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This is simply another example of how moral goodness grows out of and even requires a context of moral evil. Machiavelli's advice to you is clear.
这只是道德良善怎样源自于而且甚至,需要一个道德败坏的情境的另一个例子,马基雅维利给你们的建议很清楚。
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Hobbes, like Machiavelli, was an innovator, and he was self-consciously aware of his innovations.
霍布斯，像马基雅维利一样，是改革者，他自己也清楚地意识到他的革新。
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Machiavelli, you remember, claimed to have discovered a new continent, new modes and orders.
马基雅维利，被认为是,发现了一块新的领域，新的模式和秩序。
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Machiavelli said in that famous chapter 25, that the prince, if he is lucky, will master fortuna about half the time, only about 50% of the time.
马基雅维利在有名的第25章里说，君主，如果他幸运的话，可以在一半的时间里掌握命运，仅仅是50%的时间。
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Machiavelli would no doubt be taken up against some board of offense today for using such a term ? but that's his language. What can I say?
马基雅维利若是在当今时代说出这样的话,一定会遭受猛烈抨击,但那就是他的语言风格，我能说什么呢？
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And Machiavelli's emphasis upon arms is considerably attenuated by Hobbes' emphasis on laws.
而马基雅维利对于武力的重视,则被霍布斯对法律的重视所淡化。
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Hobbes, in other words, carried out what Machiavelli had helped him make possible.
霍布斯，换句话说，实践了,马基雅维利帮助他理解的思想。
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Machiavelli speaks of the prince, while Hobbes speaks of the sovereign, that is a kind of impersonal or in Hobbes' language, artificial power created out of a contract.
马基雅维利探讨君主，而霍布斯则探讨主权，这算是不受个人感情影响的，在霍布斯的说法里，君主的权力是由契约产生的。
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In any case, whatever one makes of those examples, Machiavelli seems to be challenging important aspects of the classical conceptions that we've been talking about up to this point.
不管人们如何理解这些例子，马基雅维利似乎正在挑战,我们至此一直在讨论着的古典概念的,重要方面。
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He played the part of Doctor Watson to Machiavelli's Sherlock Holmes.
他扮演的是华生医生,而福尔摩斯则是马基雅维利。
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Hobbes was in many ways a perfect foil for Machiavelli.
霍布斯，从很多方面来说,他都是马基雅维利的完美配合。
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Hobbes, in other words, tried to render acceptable, tried to render palatable, what Machiavelli had done by providing a more precise and more legal and institutional framework for the modern state.
霍布斯，换句话说，试图去变得易于接受，试图去变得更加愉快，马基雅维利的做法是,给现代国家提供一个,更加精确，更加法定的机构性框架。
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Religion had to bring a softening effect upon against the violent and bestial character of the early Romans. But for us today, Machiavelli writes, religion has to serve the opposite purpose.
宗教必须带来一种缓和效应，用以针对,早期罗马人的野蛮残忍的性格,但是对于今天的我们来说，马基雅维利写道，宗教不得不为相反的目的服务。
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You have to learn, in other words, how to get your hands dirty. Between the innocence of the Christian and the worldliness of Machiavelli's new morality, there can be no reconciliation.
换句话说，你必须学会如何弄污你的手,在基督教的纯洁观与,马基雅维利新道德中的世俗观之间,没有任何回旋的余地。
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