With the rise of Christianity, western religion came to be defined to a large degree by the confession of, or the intellectual assent to, certain doctrinal points of belief.

随着基督教的兴起，西方宗教被定义成,很大程度上指被解释为，或被知识分子一致认可为，对特定教义的信仰。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Of course, with large-scale industrialization, which begins in the middle of the eighteenth century, you'll see this dramatic shift up to the north.

当然,随着大规模的工业化,在十八世纪中期的兴起,你会发现北方的戏剧性转变

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选