In the case of a ligand-receptor, a chemical signal in the form of a concentration of ligand gets converted into a biochemical signal.

在配体-受体系统中,配体浓度这种化学信号,转化为生化信号

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Sometimes second messengers collect signals from a variety of different receptor systems, translate them into one kind of internal change, and the cell then just has to know about that one thing changing.

第二信使分子能够收集,来自不同受体系统的信号,将它们转化为同一种细胞内在的变化,这样细胞就只需对一种变化作出反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选