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Cummings actually boldly experimented with this principle and he attracted the attention of the linguists, particularly a linguist named Dell Hymes.
对此，卡明斯做了一个大胆的试验,吸引了语言学家的注意，特别是德尔海默斯。
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Well, if I had the option, I would really like to go to grad school for linguistics.
如果可以选择的话，我真的很想去读语言学的研究生。
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Now "The Theory of the Formal Method," Eikhenbaum's essay that you've read for today, was written in 1927.
这篇，形式语言学理论“,是艾肯鲍姆，在1927年写的。
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Higgins The idea here is how Higgins, doctor, linguist, took a flower girl and molded her in the sense into being royalty.
说的是，一位博士，语言学家，如何把一个卖花女塑造成贵族。
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In fact, language is sufficiently interesting that, unlike most other things I'll talk about in this class, there is an entier field devoted to this study the field of linguistics that is entirely devoted to studying the nuances and structures of different languages.
事实上,语言是非常有意思的,与本门课上探讨的其他主题不同,对它的研究形成了一个完整的专业,即语言学专业,这个专业致力于研究各种语言的,细微差异及其结构
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But really it's the study of... it's like linguistics as applied to older languages, so
但它其实是研究……它像运用于更古老的语言的语言学，所以
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Well, I am a Linguistics major, so I do a lot of research and kind of focus a lot of my studies on acquiring language.
我是语言学专业的，所以做了很多专注于语言习得的研究。
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including Computer Science, Mathematics, Linguistics, things of that sort.
包括计算机科学、数学、语言学，这一类的。
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The study of Linguistics is the study of language
语言学是研究语言的学科,
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That we share not just the capacity for language in the way a linguist might assert, but that we share a certain common moral language.
我们不只共享语言能力,如同语言学家所主张，更共享,一种特定的共同道德语言。
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Linguists can work at different levels of abstraction with language.
根据不同层面的基本单位，语言学家有不同的研究。
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This then is the object of Saussure's attention as a linguist and as a semiotician.
这就是索绪尔所注意到的,作为一个符号学家兼语言学家。
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Like the Russian formalists--and in a way like the New Critics -talking about their "academic" colleagues, Saussure is vexed by the messiness and lack of system in the study of linguistics.
这一点和形式主义者，新批评论者,这些学院派的人们很相像，索绪尔对语言学的杂乱,和无章感到恼火。
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The linguists know that that's not at all necessarily the case.
语言学家认为语言的基本单位不一定是词。
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In other words, a connotation is valuable and ought to be invoked even if it's philologically incorrect if it contributes to the unity, the complex building up of the unity, of the literary text.
也就是说,如果隐含意义是文本更具有一致性,它就是有价值,且值得探究的，即使从语言学角度说，它是不正确的。
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It's not--It's actually close to how linguists describe normal languages, but it's very simple.
这个例子和语言学家所描述的,正常语言非常接近,但却很简单
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This is what he says in this first passage. He says: If we study speech from several viewpoints simultaneously, the object of linguistics appears to us as a confused mass of heterogeneous and unrelated things.
这也是他在第一篇文章里说的话：,我们同时从几个角度读这篇文章，这时语言学乱的像一锅粥,没有系统毫无关联性。
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De Man goes on to say very challengingly:] What we call ideology is precisely the confusion of linguistic with natural reality, of reference with phenomenalism.
德曼继续挑战性地说道],我们所说的思想意识就是指语言学上的困惑,在自然现实意义上的，以及关于现象论的参考上的困惑。
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So, take some standard examples from the linguistic study of English.
举一些英语语言学研究的典型案例
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It could be the letter understood either graphically or audibly, and the variety of ways in which one can choose a basic unit in the study of linguistics means that you need a special word for that unit, which is characteristically "the tagmeme."
它既可以以图像的方式理解，也可以以声音的方式，因为每个人研究时选取的,基本的语言学单位不一样,所以需要一个特殊的名词来指代这个单位，这就是，法位“
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But in the meantime it's probably on this occasion, once we accept them both as having come under the influence of the same form of linguistic thinking, to say a little bit about the similarities and differences that exist between Derrida and de Man.
但同时在这种场合下可能，一旦我们接受这俩概念，在受到同样的语言学思想的影响后,我们就能看到一些,德里达和德曼之间存在的相同点和不同点。
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And this is what linguists do for a living so if you hear me talking about this and say, "I want to spend the next forty years of my life studying that," you should become a linguist.
这就是语言学家们研究的问题,如果你听了我的讲解然后说,"我想用我的余生来研究这些东西",那你该去做一个语言学家
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My major is Linguistics and Anthropology.
我的专业是语言学和人类学。
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And then the American linguist would say, "Yeah. We speak to our dogs."
然后这些美国的语言学家会说,"是啊,我们会和我们的狗说话"
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Well, there's a radical claim about the origin of language associated with the guy who we met when we talked about behaviorism who wrote A Review of Verbal Behavior, the linguist Noam Chomsky.
关于语言的起源,语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基,提出了一个激进的观点,我们曾在讲述行为主义时提到过,他写过篇叫《述评》的论文
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And that's the sort of thing linguists study.
这就是语言学家们所研究的内容
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We didn't know a great deal about certain authors until this period of the flourishing of philology in the very late nineteenth and early twentieth century took hold and pretty much created for us the archive that we now use today in a variety of ways.
有些作家的作品,直到19世纪末20世纪初的,语言学繁荣期才为人所知,这个时期也孕育了,我们今天用来研究的文本档案。
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If you want to know which part of your brain is responsible for language, you could put somebody into a scanner and have them exposed to language or do a linguistic task or talk or something and then see what parts of their brain are active.
如果你想知道大脑的哪个区域,负责语言功能,你可以对被试进行扫描,让他们暴露在语言环境中,或是进行语言学任务,或者聊天,然后观察他们的哪些脑区处于活跃状态
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