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In other words, in a way it's a disputed text and it is not written by Aristotle, but it's also a foundational text.
所以，诗学是一个充满争议的著作,它并不是由亚里士多德创作的，却非常重要。
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This is one of the reasons why in the golden age of Arabic scholarship in the Middle Ages, there was so much dispute about the Poetics.
这就是为什么在,中世纪阿拉伯学术界的鼎盛时期，关于诗学有这么多争议。
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And his proposals for the reform of poetry, especially Homeric poetry, represent clearlya radical departure from Greek educational practices and beliefs.
而他建议改革诗学，尤其是荷马诗学，清楚地代表着彻底地背离,希腊教育实作与信念。
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Pity" and "terror," these become crucial terms, the terms that Aristotle, in his Poetics, used to define tragedy.
遗憾或恐惧“,这是很关键的词，亚里士多德在《诗学》中用它，定义悲剧。
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The creation of the just city can only begin," he says, " "with the control of music, poetry and the arts."
他说：，“正义之城的建立，仅能开始于控制音乐、诗学与艺术“
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So what is at stake in this quarrel between Socrates and the poetic tradition ? that he alludes to?
那到底他所暗示,介于苏格拉底与诗学传统间的争论,关键点为何？
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From the standpoint of a devout person, he had no doubt that poetry was inferior to divinity.
站在神职人员的立场来看，他毫无疑问会将诗学排在神学之后。
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Aristotle's Poetics we know actually not to have been one of the texts written by Aristotle but rather to be a compendium of lecture notes put together by his students.
亚里士多德的诗学其实,并不是由他本人写成的,而是有他的弟子编纂的。
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It is introduced further by the claims of Socrates to control, to censor, to control the poetry and the arts of the city.
并由苏格拉底,关于控制，审查城市的诗学,与艺术进一步导入。
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And in place of the pedagogical power of poetry, Socrates proposes to install philosophy in its place.
而在诗学的教法力量上，苏格拉底建议在原位置入哲学。
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That leads to our next topic that I want to pursue for the remainder of the class, the reform of poetry and the arts.
这导入我们下一个主题,而我想要利用今天剩下的时间，寻找诗学与艺术的改革。
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Plato's critique of Homeric poetry in the Republic is two-fold; it is both theological and political.
柏拉图在《理想国》中,批评荷马诗学有两层含意;,同时是有关神学与政治学。
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Aristotle is considered the ancestor of the varying sorts of thought about form, and it's this move, this move that he makes in the Poetics, that engenders this possibility.
亚里士多德称得上是对形式的多元思考之父,正是他所做的，和在《诗学》书中所提到的，使这一切成为可能。
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And there's another question which you would no doubt be concerned to discuss, namely what would such Socratically purified ? music and poetry look like?
而另一个,你们一定会想要讨论的问题是，何谓经苏格拉底纯化过的,音乐与诗学形式？
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Are the philosophers or are the poets you might say the true legislators for mankind ?! if you want to use Shelley's dictum?
是哲学家或是诗学家,或者你可以说，人类的真正立法者,如果你想要借用雪莱名言的话？
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As we'll learn from Jakobson next week, literature can be understood--or what he calls the study of literature, "poetics"--can be understood as a subfield of semiotics, but semiotics is not in itself a literary theory.
下周我们学雅各布森的时候也会看到，文学可以被理解为，诗学，即符号学的一个分支，但是符号学不是文学理论。
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Is it a book about the power of poetry and myth, what we would call the whole domain of culture to shape souls and to shape our societies?
这是本关于诗学与神话力量的书吗，即我们所谓形塑灵魂的文化整体范畴,同时亦形塑了我们的社会？
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This always raises the question that you will discuss in your section, whether or not Socrates' censorship of poetry and the arts is an indication of his totalitarian impulses.
这一向会唤出,你们在讨论时间会遇到的问题，苏格拉底对诗学与艺术的审查,是否点出,他的极权念头。
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I don't know that I have an answer to this, but perhaps the Republic as a whole is itself a piece of this Socratic poetry that will substitute for the Homeric kind.
我不确定我对这有预备答案，但也许整部《理想国》,就是一部苏老式的诗学,用以取代荷马史诗。
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The Greeks already had a century's long tradition of poetic education going back centuries to the time of Homer and Hesiod that set out certain exemplary models of heroic virtue and civic life.
希腊人已有世纪长的,诗学教育传统,可回溯到几个世纪前的荷马,与赫西奥德，他们为,英雄美德与公民生活确立了典范。
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The virtues endorsed by the poetic tradition of which Aristophanes is the great representative here the great inheritor and representative the virtues of this tradition were the virtues of a warrior culture of war-like peoples and men at war.
诗学传统赞同的美德,亚里斯多芬尼斯是,最佳的代表性人物,最佳的继承人与代表性人物,这项传统的美德,是战士文化的美德,关于好战人士及战场上的人。
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Sidney's talking about the various kinds of discourse: - divinity, hymnody, science, philosophy, history-- in other words, all the ways in which you can contribute to human betterment and human welfare. He says in the case of all but one of them, each discourse is a "serving science."
西德尼进行了很多方面的阐述：,神学，赞美诗，科学，哲学，历史-,换句话说，所有你能想到的,对人类福祉有益处的方式,他说这里面除了诗学，其他都是“服务性学科“
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And Socrates' answer is, of course, the predation of poetry and the arts in Books II and III.
苏格拉底的回答是，当然，见第，II，与，III，册中,对诗学与艺术的描述。
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