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Milton wants to write an epic that in some ways comes before, or prevents, the great epics of Homer and Virgil.
弥尔顿想写一首在某种程度上先于，荷马和维吉尔伟大史诗的史诗。
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In that respect, it has a kind of priority over the hells or the underworlds of Homer and Virgil.
在这一点上，它优胜于荷马与维吉尔笔下描绘的,那些地狱或阴间。
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And of course, the kings when we see them in Homer do not have a bureaucracy, do not have scribes.
当然,从《荷马史诗》中所看到的那些国王,他们没有官僚作风,没有随身抄写员
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But secondly again Homer and the poets sing the virtues of men at war.
另外，荷马与其它诗人,歌颂战士的美德；
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With a plot furnished by Homer, against a setting by Dante, and with characters motivated by Shakespeare, Ulysses is really not as difficult to comprehend as critics like to pretend."
荷马设置的情节，但丁提供的背景，莎士比亚推动的角色，《尤利西斯》真的不像,评论家鼓吹的那样难懂“
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Hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, Homer described the fate of the companions of Odysseus who were transformed by a witch into pigs.
在公元前几百年,荷马这样描述奥德赛的几个同伴的命运,一个女巫将他们变成了猪
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This is an analogy as old as, and found in, Homer.
这是在荷马史诗中就发现的类比。
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Homer was in error, Milton told us, and Milton called on the moral voice of Spenser to help him make that moral judgment against Homer.
弥尔顿告诉我们荷马错了，他还要求斯潘塞的道德之声,帮助他做出反对荷马的道德判断。
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The language of Homer and of Virgil and of Pindar and of Ovid had become an inextricable part of his literary imagination and of his consciousness in general.
荷马，维吉尔，品达尔和奥维德的语言,成为弥尔顿文学想象还有文学觉悟中,无法摆脱的一部分。
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And then later on in the story that Homer tells in the Odyssey, Odysseus himself is such a newcomer.
但在荷马写的《奥德赛》这一节中,奥德修斯也是外乡人
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He can't even bring himself to say, "Thus he relates, erring," so powerful is this defense against Homer.
他就不能说“因此有关他的，都是错误“,这对于荷马的抵触是这样的强烈。
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There are no arguments in Homer's Iliad or Odyssey. You hear strong and compelling stories but no arguments.
没有辩论存在于荷马的《伊利亚德》,或《奥德赛》书中，你可以读到强烈,与令人信服的故事，但没有争辩。
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The Greeks, in Homer's world, seem to regard one just about as well as they do the other.
荷马时期的希腊人,似乎和看重其他品质一样,看重这个品质
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The only precedent Milton would have had even for the idea of line numbers would have been the great ancient classics, the magnificent Renaissance editions of Homer and Virgil.
弥尔顿曾经的唯一一个范例，甚至是印上行数的想法,都将是伟大的古老杰作，是荷马和维吉尔伟大的再生版。
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The Homeric heroes are ignorant and passionate men full of blind anger and desire for retribution.
荷马英雄,尽是无知且激情的男性,满腔的盲目、忿怒与渴望报仇。
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The word polis appears in Homer, but it means something different from what it means throughout most of Greek history.
城邦"这个词首先出现在荷马史诗,但是它在这里的意思,与在希腊历史中的意思不同
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And finally, Barry Strauss says, "Ironically, the more Homer exaggerates, the more authentic he is as a representative of the Bronze Age."
最后,巴里·施特劳斯说道,"讽刺的是,荷马越是夸大其辞,他就越真实的代表了青铜时代的史实"
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They had even obtained, with the help of the attendant spirit, Haemony the magical herb Haemony with all of its Homeric associations, but this, too, seemed inadequate to the task of rescuing their sister.
他们甚至在随从的帮助下拿到了，有所有荷马史诗联系的神奇的草药，但是看来这些对于解救妹妹的任务来说都是不够充足的。
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He can reject the beauty of Homer, he can reject the beauty of Virgil, but he can also reject -- and this has got to be an even greater challenge, perhaps -- he can also reject the help of his Christian teacher, Edmund Spenser.
他可以抗拒荷马和维吉尔的文采之美，更加了不起的是，他可以抗拒,来自他基督教派的老师,埃蒙德·斯潘塞的帮助。
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Well, Homer has his heroes using chariots and we know that chariots were used in warfare in the Bronze Age around the Mediterranean Sea.
荷马史诗》的主角们所使用的战车,我们知道在青铜时代的地中海地区,二轮战车被广泛运用于战争
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And then Milton goes on to explain that this is exactly what Homer did.
然后弥尔顿继续解释到荷马就是这么做的。
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Milton would insert into the printed text of his poem his own anticipation that his epic would receive the same universal approbation as Homer's and Virgil's.
弥尔顿会把自己的预想也写进他的诗里,他认为自己的史诗也会得到普遍的认可,就如荷马和维吉尔的史诗。
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Well, let me turn to another aspect of the story of Homer and how the poems play into Greek society.
接着让我们转向荷马史诗的另一方面,看看诗歌是如何融入希腊社会的
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Virgil alludes to just this passage in Homer when he describes the entrance of a whole crowd of people in to the underworld as "the falling of leaves in the early frost of autumn."
维吉尔只是在荷马中影射了这点,他描述了通往人群拥挤的地狱的入口,如同“在深秋严寒中无情飘落的叶子“
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There is no evidence in Homer that anybody had that kind of wealth or that kind of power.
在《荷马史诗》中没有任何证据表明,谁有这样大的财富和权力
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Some of them were alive in the ninth and certainly some of them were alive in the time of Homer in the eighth.
有些生活在九世纪 当然,还有些生活在荷马所在的八世纪
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It doesn't really-- well, let me just say what the polis claims to do here in Homer.
这并不算...,我还是说说在荷马时代,城邦是如何阐明法律的
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Next time we'll take a look at the Dark Ages and the world of Homer.
下一节课我们会学习,黑暗时代和荷马所在的世界
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What did Homer or any of Homer's contemporaries know about Mulciber?
荷马和荷马同时代的人对于莫西伯又知道什么呢？
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The new Socratic citizen let's call him that for a moment the new Socratic citizen may have some features in common with the older Homeric warrior.
新型的苏格拉底式公民,姑且这么称呼,这种新型的苏格拉底式公民,可能有些特征还是和旧时的荷马战士很像。
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