When they bind, they produce some change in the receptor molecule which is experienced inside the cell.

当它们结合后,会使受体分子发生改变,这个过程发生在细胞内部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's a diverse range of responses that might occur, but that response is initiated by this simple chemical process of a ligand binding to a receptor.

细胞对外界信号可能会发生不同的反应,但这些反应都源自,配体和受体结合这个简单的化学过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It gets produced in response to a signal so there's a binding of a ligand to a receptor, the enzyme that does this conversion is activated and more cycle AMP is released.

这类分子的产生是对信号做出的一种反应,当配体和受体结合时,催化这种转化过程的酶被激活,更多的cAMP释放出来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When it's double stranded this gene can't be translated, because you have to have the single strand in order for the transfer RNA to bind and for this process of translation to take place.

当基因处于双链结构状态时,是不能进行翻译的,因为必须把双链拆开得到单链,才能结合转运RNA并开始翻译过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选