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We've been talking about single cell or some subset of cells and propagating them so that you get a larger population of cells.
我们说到了一个细胞,或者一组细胞进行繁殖以后,你就能得到数目可观的细胞
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All cells are the same and I say that because any cell within you or within me is the same in many respects.
我之所以说所有细胞都是一样的,是因为你我体内的细胞,在很多方面的确一模一样
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I just wanted to talk about one last concept and that has to do with cell proliferation.
我想说的最后一个概念,就是细胞增殖
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The collagen is excreted by cells themselves, so the matrix is made by cells.
胶原蛋白是细胞自己分泌的,所以说基质也是细胞制造的
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Remember when I showed you that picture of cells attached to plastic a few minutes ago; I said those were fibroblasts that were growing on a culture dish.
还记得我几分钟前我给你们看的,细胞黏附在塑料片上的图片吧,我说过那是,生长在培养皿中的成纤维细胞
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We talked about last time that part of the process of going from this single cell to multi cellular many celled organisms like we are is cell division.
我们上节课说过,从一个单细胞分裂形成大量细胞,构成的器官的过程,叫做细胞分裂
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We talked about the parent cell forming two identical daughter cells.
我们说到母细胞,分裂成为两个一模一样的子细胞
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Why do we talk about them as the fundamental units?
我们为什么说细胞是基本单位呢
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Now, I said before that all cells are the same.
我之前说过细胞都是相同的
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They also allow their populations of proteins on the surface of each cell that allow it to interact with its environment, they're receptors and cell adhesion receptors like I talked about last time.
它们同时也使得,这些细胞表面的蛋白质群,使得细胞能够和周围环境进行互动,它们是受体和细胞粘附受体,我上次也说过的
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We talked about division last time.
我们上节课说过了细胞分裂
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That makes sense if you think about this process of cell multiplication, that I have one cell it becomes 2 cells in a minute, it could become 4 cells in another minute, it could become 8 cells in another minute and that's all that this set of equations is representing.
如果你和细胞增殖的过程联系起来的话,这个是说的通的,我有一个细胞在一分钟里变成了两个细胞,那就可以再花一分钟变成四个细胞,再花一分钟就变成八个细胞,这就是这个方程所代表的意义
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This makes sense; the rate at which the cell population is growing, the derivative dX/dt, is proportional to the number of cells I have.
这个说的通,细胞数目的增长速度,就是导数dX/dt,和细胞数目呈比例关系
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That is, that the information needed to operate a cell is stored in its DNA.
所以说细胞工作所需的的全部信息,都被存储在DNA内
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We talked about host cells that are perhaps infected with a virus, displaying pieces of that virus, antigenic pieces of that virus in the context of a surface receptor called MHC-1, presenting that.
我们说到过,可能受到病毒感染的宿主细胞,表现出病毒的一部分特征,病毒的抗原部分,其表面受体称为主要组织相容性抗原-1,MHC-1负责呈递抗原
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Well I talked about it - earlier I've mentioned several times all the cells in my body, all the cells in your body have essentially the same genomic chromosomal DNA in their nucleus.
我之前有说过,我不只一次提到过,我体内的所有细胞,和你体内的所有细胞一样,核中的染色体基因组DNA本质上都相同
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