It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism.

所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为另一个有机整体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The technology that they use and really there's quite a lot of technology here starting from the plates that you grow them in turn out to be engineered so they have the right properties.

这个过程需要使用的技术,确实非常多,从设计培养细胞用的培养皿,到工程化培养出有合适属性的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is a picture of patch clamp, it's a device that engineers built to fasten onto individual cells in order to look at how molecules in the membrane of the cell are working, and I'll talk a little bit about that as we go along.

这是膜片钳的图片,工程师使用该装置固定单个细胞,由此观察,细胞膜中的分子怎样活动,在以后的课中我还会谈到这方面内容

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We'll talk about cells and how they work, how cells in different parts of the body are different, why, and how they contribute to tissues at a very sort of simple level so that you can understand this as we start thinking about using cells for engineering purposes.

我们将会谈论细胞,它们如何工作,身体不同的部位细胞有怎样的不同,为什么它们有所不同,以及这些细胞如何,以十分简单的方式形成组织,这样当我们开始考虑用细胞,来满足工程目的时,你会更容易理解

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选