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The virus is not killed so It's a live virus, which is actually going to infect your intestinal system and reproduce.
病毒没有被杀死,那么它就是活性病毒,也就意味着它将会,侵入你的肠道系统并且会繁殖
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And once we have positive candidates we can apply them to the same pathway Shown on the right and hopefully get regeneration.
一旦有了这种稳定的替代物,你就可以实施右边显示的这项计划,进行批量的繁殖。
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It's reproduction of the virus and passage of that virus onto new cells which causes the problems with disease that we associate.
病毒一旦繁殖并进入新细胞,就会带来相关病症的危害
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Furthermore, their marriages and their procreations will be, he tells us, for the sake of the city.
更甚之，他们的婚姻与繁殖后代将会是，如他所说的只是为了这座城市。
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Moreover, only once they're out of the way can he reproduce and copulate with the females.
只有把它们除掉,它才可以跟雌狮交配，繁殖。
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You have the image of the cutting off, the castration, of the power of generativity. All poetic potency, all power to assert oneself in the world, can be severed and that's it.
有阉割，切除繁殖能力的，的形象，诗人的所有能力，所有能居于世上的力量都可以被剥夺，就是这样。
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Another myth is that the bugs breed. They do not.
另外一个错误认识是bugs会繁殖。
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And that certainly wasn't true way back at the start of A, as the fertilized egg first begins to split and multiply, subdivide and make organs.
显然不是在A阶段这么早就开始的，当受精的卵子开始分裂繁殖，继续分裂，形成器官。
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We've been talking about single cell or some subset of cells and propagating them so that you get a larger population of cells.
我们说到了一个细胞,或者一组细胞进行繁殖以后,你就能得到数目可观的细胞
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You could imagine that you've got virus that's propagating inside your cells, making more and more virus, your immune system really responds well to that.
你可以想象,病毒在你的体细胞内繁殖,数量越来越多,你的免疫系统对此反应非常之强烈
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You breathe it in, it infects the cells of your respiratory tract, and the virus begins to reproduce, and then it spreads throughout your body.
你将之吸入,病原体感染了呼吸道细胞,病毒开始繁殖,接着传遍你的全身
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From this person--this perspective, a person is just a germ's way of making other germs.
从这个角度看，这个人，人来只是细菌繁殖的方式。
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Because it infects your cells and reproduces, your immune system responds much more vigorously.
由于它会感染你的细胞并且繁殖,所以你的免疫系统会有很强烈的反应
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They're fully functional organisms that can reproduce on their own, and they can start growing outside of any cell and that's what they do, they live extracellularly.
细菌可是麻雀虽小五脏俱全,它们能够凭借自身繁殖,可以在任意一个细胞外开始增殖,它们就是这样做的,在细胞外生长繁殖
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So, reproduction, proliferation, cell growth happens and then those cells become more differentiated.
所以 繁殖 扩增 细胞开始生长,然后这些细胞开始分化
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Other kinds of microorganisms reproduce and cause tissue damage in a different way.
其他种类微生物的繁殖,也可以以其他形式引起组织的损害
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If you get bacteria under your skin, if you get a cut and somehow that cut gets - bacteria gets inside there, the bacteria can reproduce on their own.
如果你皮肤里有细菌,而你又割伤了自己,并让细菌进入了伤口,细菌自身就可以繁殖
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So, you would grow these monkey kidney cells in culture, you would add some virus to the culture broth, the cells would become infected, the virus would go through its life cycle.
我们在培养基中培养这些猴肾细胞,然偶加入一些脊髓灰质炎病毒,这样细胞就会被感染,病毒开始不断繁殖
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That's a way of culturing or propagating bacteria.
这是培养繁殖细菌的一种方式
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The reason is that because of the ways that different microorganisms take the ways the different microorganisms reproduce and damage cells and tissue within your body, you need different ways to respond to them effectively.
因为不同的微生物以不同的方式,以不同的方式繁殖,和损害体内的组织和细胞,你需要多种有效的免疫反应来对付它们
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Now, a virus is not capable of reproducing on its own, so if you got a virus into your body somehow and it didn't enter any of your cells, it would cause no damage because it could not reproduce.
病毒自身并不能繁殖,所以如果你的身体感染了病毒,而病毒没有进入细胞的话,因其不能繁殖所以不会对身体造成伤害
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How is your immune system going to recognize that this virus is there causing bad results if it's living inside of a cell and doing all its business inside a cell where antibodies can't get to it?
你的免疫系统怎样才能识别,作恶多端的病毒呢,如果它隐藏在细胞中进行繁殖,而抗体又无法进入细胞,那该怎么办
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This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.
这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体
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They take it, the vaccine itself, the virus, reproduces in their gut and they can actually spread it to other children in the same way that they spread the disease where you've got children that are maybe at school or at childcare.
他们服用了疫苗,则疫苗菌本体,病毒本体便在他们的体内进行繁殖,实际它们以同样方法传播到其他孩子体内,当你去学校或者幼儿园,接你的孩子的时候,这些病毒正在传播
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The other pathway that I think is very promising is now to use stem cell generated cells in culture dishes to use them for high throughput drug screening now we can test thousands of different drugs without killing so many animals.
第二个目标的前景相当广阔,我们可以用干细胞,在培养皿中大量繁殖各种细胞,用于大剂量的药物试验,让你无需屠戮动物,就能进行各种药物试验。
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That virus is reproducing inside cells of your respiratory tract.
病毒在你的呼吸道细胞内繁殖
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Of course this happens all the time in the body.
当然在身体中这个繁殖的过程从未间断过
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Well, you know that cells in our body can reproduce.
那你们都知道体内的细胞可以繁殖
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Typically, even though they don't breed, there are many bugs. And keep in mind that the bug goal of debugging is not to eliminate one bug.
这是件好事，其实即使bugs不会繁殖，也会有很多，并且请记住调试的目的,并不是去消除一个。
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