Delta v is positive in this direction here, the work is negative. So work on the system is positive. Work done by the system is negative.

功是负的，总而言之,外界对系统做功的符号为正。

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You could imagine that you've got virus that's propagating inside your cells, making more and more virus, your immune system really responds well to that.

你可以想象,病毒在你的体细胞内繁殖,数量越来越多,你的免疫系统对此反应非常之强烈

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These two systems which are shown in the core of this diagram really are responsible for regulating and exchanging information between the other organ systems.

在这张图的中心画的就是这两个系统,它们的功能是调节其他系统,并与之交换信息

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The reason for that complexity is because your immune system needs to be able to respond to all the potential foreign invaders that we could encounter.

整个系统之所以如此复杂是因为,免疫系统需要应对所有,我们要面对的来犯之敌

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One of the beautiful things about antibodies is that one your immune system is able to make antibodies against all the thousands, ten thousand, hundred thousand different pathogens that you'll come into contact with in your lifetime.

抗体的一个绝妙之处就在于,你的免疫系统可以分泌抗体来对抗,成千上万的 甚至数以十万计不同病原体,这些病原体都是你一生中可能会遇到的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Here's where the intelligence of the immune system comes in, is that these cytotoxic T-cells that are generated only kill cells that have this signal on it.

免疫系统的聪明之处就在此,这些细胞毒T细胞,只能杀死具有特殊标记信号的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选